Dewi Sondari

Preparation of Magnetite Nanoparticles by Thermal Decomposition of Iron (III) Acetylacetonate with Oleic Acid as Capping Agent

The thermal decomposition of organometallic compounds was used to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles in high boiling point organic solvent containing stabilizing surfactants. Iron (III) acetylacetonate was used as the organometallic precursor in this work. Thermal decomposition of cationic metal center leads directly to the metal oxide, in the presence of 1,2-hexadecanediol, oleylamine, and oleic acid in diphenyl ether. Characterization with the Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) showed the size of the obtained magnetite nanoparticles was 2.1 ± 0.9 nm with polydispersity index of 0.327. The morphology and chemical structure of the obtained magnetite nanoparticle was characterized by using of Transmition Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The application of magnetite nanoparticles in the industrial wastewater treatment was also discussed.

Influence of palmitoyl pentapeptide and Ceramide III B on the droplet size of nanoemulsion

The influence of the Palmitoyl Pentapeptide (PPp) and Ceramide IIIB (Cm III B) as active ingredients on the droplet size of nano-emulsion was studied using different kinds of oil (avocado oil, sweet almond oil, jojoba oil, mineral oil and squalene). The formation of nano-emulsions were prepared in water mixed non ionic surfactant/oils system using the spontaneous emulsification mechanism. The aqueous solution, which consist of water and Tween® 20 as a hydrophilic surfactant was mixed homogenously. The organic solution, which consist of oil and Span® 80 as a lipophilic surfactant was mixed homogenously in ethanol. Ethanol was used as a water miscible solvent, which can help the formation of nano-emulsion. The oil phase (containing the blend of surfactant Span® 80, ethanol, oil and active ingredient) and the aqueous phase (containing water and Tween® 20) were separately prepared at room temperatures. The oil phase was slowly added into aqueous phase under continuous mechanical agitation (18000 rpm). All samples were subsequently homogenized with Ultra-Turrax for 30 minutes. The characterizations of nano-emulsion were carried out using photo-microscope and particle size analyzer. Addition of active ingredients on the formation of nano-emulsion gave smallest droplet size compared without active ingredients addition on the formation of nano-emulsion. Squalene oil with Palmitoyl Pentapeptide (PPm) and Ceramide IIIB (Cm IIIB) gave smallest droplet size (184.0 nm) compared without Palmitoyl Pentapeptide and Ceramide IIIB (214.9 nm), however the droplets size of the emulsion prepared by the other oils still in the range of nano-emulsion (below 500 nm). The stability of nano-emulsion was observed using two methods. In one method, the stability of nano-emulsion was observed for three months at temperature of 5°C and 50°C, while in the other method, the stability nano-emulsion was observed by centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 30 minutes. Nanoemulsion with active ingredient was remained stable even when stored until three months. Coalescence process between the droplets was not occurred significantly and droplet size was still below 500 nm. Over all, the emulsion remained stable, even it was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 30 minutes.

Effect temperature of supercritical CO2 fluid extraction on phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Supercritical fluid extraction of Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been carried out at a pressure of 16 MPa, with temperatures between 20-40 °C, during extraction time of 6 hours and the flow rate of CO2 fluid 5.5 ml/min. The result of supercritical method was compared with the extraction maceration using a mixture of water and ethanol (70% v/v) for 24 hours. The main content in ginger that has a main role as an antioxidant is a gingerol compound that can help neutralize the damaging effects caused by free radicals in the body, as anti-coagulant, and inhibit the occurrence of blood clots. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on chemical components contained in rough extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and its antioxidant activity, total phenol and total flavonoid content. To determine the chemical components contained in the crude extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe extracted by supercritical fluid and maceration extraction, GC-MS analysis was performed. Meanwhile, the antioxidant acti...

Antimicrobial effect of nylon fiber immersed with nano-silver

The development of new products based on the immobilization of nanoparticles on fibers has recently received a growing interest from both the academic and industrial sectors. A wide range of nanoparticles and nano-structures can be immobilized on fibers, which brings new properties to the final product. In the present work, silver nanoparticle was immobilized on nylon fibers by immersed deposition method as an antimicrobial agent. Silver colloid was produced by chemical reduction of silver salt (silver nitrate) solution, in the presence of sodium citrate. Synthesis of silver colloid was carried out by using chemical reduction method at temperature of 95 and 100°C. The mixture was heated until color changed into pale yellow. UV-Vis spectrometry indicated formation of silver nanoparticles. UV-Vis analysis was reported that the absorption spectrum of silver nanoparticles showed a maximum between 420 and 450 nm. Characterization of silver nanoparticles was conducted using Fourier Transformed Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, particle size analyzer (PSA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that silver nanoparticles forms aggregates on the surface of fiber, during deposition process. The size of aggregates varied from 19.9 ± 4.8 nm to 49.5 ± 12.5 nm. To evaluate the antimicrobial effects against microorganisms, we used representative microorganisms S. aureus. Silver nanoparticles showed antimicrobial activity reducing bacterial growth.

SYNTHESIS OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER USING POTASSIUM PERSULFATE AND AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE INITIATOR

Thermoplastic elastomer is polymeric material that has elastomer and thermoplastic properties. This material can be easilymolded into finished and recyclable goods, thus environmentaly safe for long term application. In this study we synthesize thermoplastic elastomer using two initiator that are potassium persulfate and ammonium peroxydisulfate with natural rubber to monomer (styrene/methyl methacrylate) ratio of 50 : 50 and 60 : 40 (v/v). The process of thermoplastic elastomer synthesis was conducted with emulsion grafting polymerization method for 6 hours at 65 °C. We used sodium dodecyl sulfate as emulsifier. FT-IR analysis result shows that grafting process had already occured shown by new peaks that were observed in 1743 and 1519 cm -1 . These peaks was assigned to carbonyl (C=O) group of methyl methacrylate and C=C benzene of styrene respectively. From 1H-NMR new peaks at δ = 7.1 ppm was aromatic proton from phenyl group of styrene, at δ = 3.5 ppm was methoxy proton of grafted methyl methacrylate acrylic group, and at δ = 5.1 ppm that is resonance of isoprene methyne proton. This result showed that methyl methacrylate and styrene had alrady grafted onto natural rubber backbone. Initiator influenced grafting efficiency. Potassium persulfate gave 97.6% grafting efficiency while ammonium peroxydisulfate gave 90.2% grafting efficency. Keywords: Thermoplastic elastomer, Grafting, Emulsion polimerization, Initiator, Emulsifier.