Sílvia Carla da Silva André

Poluição do ar e doenças respiratórias alérgicas em escolares

Study on the prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases in schoolchildren between six and seven years old, associated with indicators of air pollution. A questionnaire based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood was administered to parents of students from public schools, located in urban areas with differing vehicle flows. There was a positive correlation between monthly frequency of rhinitis and concentration of pollutants, and negative with relative air humidity. Even with levels of air pollutants below that allowed by law, the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and associated symptoms tended to be higher in the central region school, where there is heavy vehicular traffic.Study on the prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases in schoolchildren between six and seven years old, associated with indicators of air pollution. A questionnaire based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood was administered to parents of students from public schools, located in urban areas with differing vehicle flows. There was a positive correlation between monthly frequency of rhinitis and concentration of pollutants, and negative with relative air humidity. Even with levels of air pollutants below that allowed by law, the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and associated symptoms tended to be higher in the central region school, where there is heavy vehicular traffic.

Medical waste in mobile prehospital care

OBJECTIVE the objective of this study is to identify how Medical Waste (MW) is managed in Mobile Prehospital Care (MPC) services in the state of São Paulo as well as characterize and quantify this waste. METHOD exploratory and descriptive field study with data collection based on the methodology proposed by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), which was conducted over eight consecutive days to identify the production and characteristics of generated waste. RESULTS it was found that the MW management of the MPC is not yet in line with the requirements of RDC 306/04, which could affect the occupational safety of workers, patients, the community, and the environment. CONCLUSION it is recommended for the health managers to focus on this issue. The lack of studies with regard to MPC also indicates the need for further studies on the waste management.

INFLUÊNCIA DAS DESIGUALDADES ECONÔMICAS E SANITÁRIAS NA INCIDÊNCIA DA DIARREIA INFANTIL EM MINAS GERAIS, 2010

This study aimed to investigate the association between the type of final disposal of urban solid waste and per capita income with the incidence of hospitalizations due to diarrhea in children under five years. An epidemiological study, ecological and descriptive, regarding the data from the Environmental Foundation of the State of Minas Gerais and Datasus, 2010. The incidence of hospitalizations for diarrhea in the Vale do Jequitinhonha and Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais was studied. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey ́s multiple comparison, calculating the correlation of Pearson coefficient and relative risk, by SigmaStat Software, version 3.5. The incidence of hospitalizations for diarrhea in children under five years was higher in cities with waste disposal in dumps and low per capita income, from Vale do Jequitinhonha region. In conclusion, intersectoral improvements are needed to reduce child morbidity and mortality, especially in poorer regions.

Resíduos de serviços de saúde em serviço de atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel

OBJECTIVE the objective of this study is to identify how Medical Waste (MW) is managed in Mobile Prehospital Care (MPC) services in the state of São Paulo as well as characterize and quantify this waste. METHOD exploratory and descriptive field study with data collection based on the methodology proposed by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), which was conducted over eight consecutive days to identify the production and characteristics of generated waste. RESULTS it was found that the MW management of the MPC is not yet in line with the requirements of RDC 306/04, which could affect the occupational safety of workers, patients, the community, and the environment. CONCLUSION it is recommended for the health managers to focus on this issue. The lack of studies with regard to MPC also indicates the need for further studies on the waste management.

Residuos de servicios de salud en servicio móvil prehospitalario

OBJECTIVE the objective of this study is to identify how Medical Waste (MW) is managed in Mobile Prehospital Care (MPC) services in the state of São Paulo as well as characterize and quantify this waste. METHOD exploratory and descriptive field study with data collection based on the methodology proposed by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), which was conducted over eight consecutive days to identify the production and characteristics of generated waste. RESULTS it was found that the MW management of the MPC is not yet in line with the requirements of RDC 306/04, which could affect the occupational safety of workers, patients, the community, and the environment. CONCLUSION it is recommended for the health managers to focus on this issue. The lack of studies with regard to MPC also indicates the need for further studies on the waste management.

ASPECTOS DO MANEJO DE RESÍDUOS QUÍMICOS EM INSTITUIÇÃO DO ENSINO SUPERIOR

RESUMO: Os residuos quimicos tornaram-se alvo de grande preocupacao devido sua diversidade, composicao e potencial de periculosidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar as diferentes fases do manejo de residuos quimicos nos laboratorios e servicos no Campus da Universidade de Sao Paulo em Ribeirao Preto. O levantamento foi realizado a partir da aplicacao de um questionario junto aos responsaveis pelos laboratorios e servicos desse Campus , com a participacao de 199 sujeitos, respondendo por um percentual de 66,6% dos locais da pesquisa. Os dados revelaram que em 80,9% dos locais participantes da pesquisa havia a geracao de residuos quimicos. Em relacao as fases de manejo interno (segregacao, acondicionamento, identificacao, armazenamento, coleta, transporte e tratamento interno) foi verificado que procedimentos como a segregacao na fonte, o acondicionamento em recipientes compativeis com o tipo de residuo, a identificacao das embalagens, encontravam-se, em sua maioria, adequados a legislacao brasileira. Segundo os sujeitos, 64,3% desses locais nao realizavam tratamento interno, a coleta interna era realizada, em sua maioria (87,5%), por funcionarios da instituicao ou terceirizado e o transporte interno era substancialmente manual (63,3%). O aumento do desconhecimento foi observado nas fases de manejo externo (coleta, transporte, tratamento e disposicao final), identificando-se conceitos erroneos nas respostas dos sujeitos. A partir da realizacao deste estudo, observa-se a importância da elaboracao de Plano de Gerenciamento de Residuos para as Instituicoes de Ensino Superior, destacando tambem a relevância da aplicacao de um programa de educacao em servico, de forma permanente, a fim de contribuir para o gerenciamento ambiental nessas instituicoes. Palavras-chave: Gerenciamento de Residuos. Instituicao de Ensino Superior. Residuos Quimicos.

INDICADORES PARA GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS: CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO GRUPO DE ESPECIALISTAS

RESUMO: Os indicadores, em essencia, sao importantes ferramentas de apoio a decisao, devendo ser elaborado segundo as necessidades dos potenciais usuarios. No campo de gestao de residuos, os indicadores podem auxiliar os gestores nas acoes que devem ser realizadas a fim de proporcionar melhores condicoes para a sociedade, e consequentemente uma maior qualidade de vida e saude para as pessoas. Na elaboracao desses indicadores e necessaria a participacao de especialistas na area da investigacao, sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo consiste em levantar e caracterizar um grupo de especialistas na area de residuos para a construcao de indicadores na gestao de residuos solidos urbanos. Os achados revelaram que pesquisadores das diferentes regioes do Brasil desenvolvem pesquisas na area de residuos solidos em grupos de pesquisas em varios estados brasileiros. Destaca-se que foi encontrada uma maior representatividade na regiao nordeste e sudeste de grupos de pesquisa que direcionam seus estudos nessa area. Entre os especialistas foi observada uma formacao predominante na area das engenharias, mas com uma multidisciplinaridade extensa e inusitada no grupo, fator esse que pode proporcionar um enriquecimento na construcao de novos indicadores. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a questao abordada nesta investigacao nao e uma preocupacao restrita a areas especificas ou apenas a determinadas localidades ou instituicoes, mas extrapola essas delimitacoes por ser um problema extensivo a toda sociedade. Palavras-chave: Indicadores. Residuos Solidos. Pesquisadores.