Silvia Eloiza Priore

Contribuição dos domínios físico, social, psicológico e ambiental para a qualidade de vida global de idosos

Este estudo investigou a contribuicao de cada dominio da qualidade de vida (fisico, social, psicologico e ambiental) na qualidade de vida global e em que extensao esses dominios explicam a qualidade de vida global de idosos residentes no municipio de Teixeiras, na Regiao Sudeste do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo observacional de corte transversal, sendo a amostragem aleatoria estratificada por sexo, uso do Programa Saude da Familia e microarea de saude (n = 211, individuos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos), representando 14,28% do total de idosos do municipio em estudo. O instrumento utilizado foi o Word Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Bref (WHOQOL-Bref), proposto pela Organizacao Mundial de Saude, aplicado por um unico entrevistador, devidamente treinado. As analises de regressao linear mostraram que nenhuma das variaveis sociodemograficas interferiu significativamente no dominio global da qualidade de vida, e, entre os quatro dominios, o que mais explicou a qualidade de vida global foi o fisico, seguido do ambiental e do psicologico. O dominio social nao mostrou contribuicao significativa na qualidade de vida global. As possiveis explicacoes para os resultados encontrados foram discutidas.This study investigated the contribution of each quality of life domain (physical, social, psychological and environmental) in the overall quality of life and how these domains explain the overall quality of life of elderly people resident in the city of Teixeiras, Southeastern Brazil. It is a cross-sectional observational study, random sampling stratified by gender, Family Health Program use and health micro-region (n = 211 individuals aged 60 or over), representing 14.28% of elderly people in the total municipality in study. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-Bref) was used to assess the quality of life; it was applied by only one well trained interviewer. Linear regression analyses showed that none of the sociodemographic variables interfered significantly in the overall quality of life domain and, among the four domains, physical was the one that best explained the overall quality of life, followed by the environmental and psychological domains. The social domain did not show significant contribution to the overall quality of life. The possible explanations for the results were discussed.

Análise crítica do uso do índice de massa corporal para idosos

Esta comunicacao discute a utilizacao do indice de massa corporal, suas limitacoes e aplicacoes na avaliacao do estado nutricional de idosos. Ha um consenso entre os pesquisadores de que um aumento no peso corporal em individuos de idade mais avancada seja aconselhavel, mudando os pontos de corte ate entao utilizados. Atualmente, recomendam-se pontos de corte para definicao de baixo peso (indice de massa corporal 27kg/m2) que diferem dos valores recomendados para adultos e frequentemente utilizados para idosos. Esta proposta leva em consideracao as mudancas na composicao corporal que ocorrem com o envelhecimento. Apesar de nao representar a composicao corporal dos individuos, a facilidade de obtencao de dados de peso e estatura bem como sua boa correlacao com morbidade e mortalidade justificam a utilizacao do indice de massa corporal em estudos epidemiologicos e na pratica clinica desde que se usem pontos de corte especificos para a idade, especialmente se associados a outras medidas antropometricas que expressem a composicao e a distribuicao da gordura corporal.

Perfil socioeconômico, nutricional e de saúde de adolescentes recém-ingressos em uma universidade pública brasileira

The objective of this work was to describe the socioeconomic, nutritional and health profile of adolescents recently admitted to a Brazilian public university. The behavioral variables were obtained by interview, the body fat percentage (BF%) by the sum of the four skinfold thicknesses and the nutritional status by body mass index. Most of the students were female (57.3%), lived away from their families (89.8%), drank alcohol (73.5%), skipped a main meal (57.3%) and rejected one or more types of vegetables (79.5%). About 57.0% did not practice any physical activity and 7.0% smoked. About 72.0% and 25.0%, respectively, consumed vegetable and fruit five times or over during the week. The eutrophic subjects predominated, but 58.7% of them presented a high BF%. The results showed that a considerable number of the subjects lived away from their families and had inadequate body composition and feeding behavior, besides other risks to their health, such as alcohol drinking and physical inactivity.

Estudos de consumo alimentar: aspectos metodológicos gerais e o seu emprego na avaliação de crianças e adolescentes

This article discusses methodological aspects of food consumption studies in children and adolescents. To reach the understanding of these methods it provides the value of Nutritional Epidemiology in a general context through a descriptive study of diet relation with the manifestation of disease as well as historical origin, value, advantage, constraints and use of methods employed to measure food intake, especially in children and adolescents in population epidemiological studies. In addition, it presents classic and contemporaneous literature demonstrating results obtained and some suggestions to improve these methods. Finally, it discloses the more relevant aspects that by consensus of many researchers compete with constraining and facilitating factors in their use providing them with more validity and reproducibility concerning studies of food consumption for children and adolescents.

Nutrição e doenças cardiovasculares: os marcadores de risco em adultos

As doencas cardiovasculares contribuem significativamente, como grupo causal, para a taxa de mortalidadeem todas as regioes brasileiras, principalmente na Regiao Sudeste. Alem disso, constituem uma das principaiscausas de permanencia hospitalar prolongada e sao responsaveis pela principal alocacao de recursos publicosem hospitalizacoes no Brasil. O onus economico das doencas cardiovasculares tem crescido exponencialmentenas ultimas decadas. O risco de se desenvolver doenca cardiovascular e avaliado com base na analise conjuntade caracteristicas que aumentam a chance do individuo vir a apresentar a doenca. O conhecimento dessesfatores associados ao risco e de grande importância para o estabelecimento de estrategias de prevencao. Esteartigo em questao revisa os principais marcadores de risco para doencas cardiovasculares em adultos,relacionados a nutricao, como os antropometricos, dieteticos e bioquimicos. Alem disso, enfatiza o impactodestas morbidades na sociedade, bem como a necessidade de serem estabelecidas medidas de prevencaoprimaria no controle das mesmas.

Anemia ferropriva em crianças de 6 a 12 meses atendidas na rede pública de saúde do município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais

This study aimed at verifying the prevalence of anemia in 6 to 12-month-old infantsattended at the public health service of the city of Vicosa, state of Minas Gerais, and analyzing some possible risk factors. Information was obtained through questionnaire applied to those responsible for the infants and through the verification of the anthropometric measures and the hemoglobin dosage by portable hemoglobinometer. In diagnosing anemia, a 11g/dL cutoff point was used. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in a total of 204 infants reached 60.8%, and 55.6% of the cases of anemia were serious. The hemoglobin average was 9.28±1.07 mg/dL in anemic infants, and 12.07± 0.89 mg/dL in non-anemic ones. The fathers low school level and the mothers age showed statistical association with anemia (p<0.05). A high prevalence and severity of the anemia was found, emphasizing the need for prevention and control of this disease in the city of Vicosa.

Prevalência de pré-hipertensão e de hipertensão arterial e avaliação de fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes de escolas públicas de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil

This study aimed to assess pre-hypertension and hypertension-related factors in 1,125 seven- to-14-year-old subjects enrolled in the public school system in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. Exposure variables, namely body mass index, waist circumference, gender, age, physical activity, environmental and housing status, family income, diet, schooling, and maternal age were analyzed by polytomous logistic regression, and the outcome variable was categorized as normal, pre-hypertensive, and hypertensive. Prevalence of high blood pressure was 14.1%, including the prevalence of both hypertension (4.8%) and pre-hypertension (9.3%). An association was shown between pre-hypertension and overweight (OR: 3.13; 95%CI: 1.75-5.57). Hypertension was associated with overweight (OR: 3.02; 95%CI: 1.45-6.28), female gender (OR: 2.49; 95%CI: 1.24-4.98), and high-risk eating patterns (OR: 1.93; 95%CI: 1.04-3.56). In short, prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in children and adolescents was higher among girls and individuals with overweight and inadequate diet.

Anemia ferropriva e estado nutricional de crianças com idade de 12 a 60 meses do município de Viçosa, MG

Este estudo transversal abrangeu criancas com idade de 12 a 60 meses assistidas pelo servico publico de saude do municipio de Vicosa, objetivando avaliar a prevalencia de anemia e anemia grave, e a relacao entre o estado nutricional e a anemia ferropriva, nessas criancas. Para o diagnostico de anemia, foi utilizado o b-hemoglobinometro (Hemocue), considerando o ponto de corte proposto pela Organizacao Mundial da Saude de 11,0 g/dL para anemia, e para a anemia grave considerou-se 9,5g/dL. Das 171 criancas atendidas, 63,2% estavam anemicas e 43,5% destas apresentavam anemia grave. Analisando o estado nutricional, encontrou-se uma alta porcentagem de criancas desnutridas, sendo considerados os indices de peso/idade, peso/estatura e estatura/idade (11,7%, 7,0% e 5,8%, respectivamente). Observou-se alta prevalencia de anemia entre as faixas etarias mais precoces. Nao foi verificada associacao entre anemia e estado nutricional. Torna-se, portanto, necessario trabalhar de forma preventiva a anemia, bem como alertar os profissionais da area de saude quanto ao diagnostico precoce, profilaxia e tratamento.This cross sectional study included children aged 12 to 60 months attended by the public health service in the city of Vicosa, state of Minas Gerais. The objective was to evaluate the prevalences of anemia and serious anemia, the hemoglobin levels and the relation between nutritional status and iron deficiency anemia in these children. For the diagnosis of anemia, (Hemocue) was used, and the cutoff point of 11.0 g/dL proposed by the World Health Organization for anemia, and was adopted serious anemia, was adopted 9,5g/dL. A total of 171 children was evaluated; 62.2% were anemic and 43.5% of these were seriously anemic. Analyzing the nutritional status, a high percentage of under nourished children was found, according to the indexes weight/age, weight/height and height/age (11.7%, 7.0% and 5.8%, respectively). A high prevalence of anemia was observed among the earlier groups. No association was verified between anemia and nutritional status. Therefore, it is necessary to work towards anemia prevention and to alert the health professionals to an early diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment.

Estado nutricional e fatores associados em idosos do Município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil

This cross-sectional study in 2009 focused on the prevalence of underweight and overweight and associated factors in a sample of 621 elderly individuals in Vicosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Data were obtained through home interviews on nutritional status and socio-demographic and health conditions. Of the total sample, 53.3% were females. Median BMI was 26.40kg/m2 (range = 15.20-46.82) and was lower for men than for women. Prevalence of overweight was high (45%; 95%CI: 40%-49%), decreased with age, was positively associated with female gender and history of arthritis/arthrosis, and was negatively associated with age 80 years or older and smoking. Prevalence of underweight was high in men (18.2%), increased with age, and was positively associated with worse self-rated health. The findings highlight the importance of health strategies that favor lifestyle changes and healthy eating habits.

Predictive ability of anthropometric and body composition indicators in the identification of insulin resistance

OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of anthropometric and body composition indicators in identifying insulin resistance (IR), determining cut-off points for those showing the best efficacy. METHOD 138 men were evaluated. Waist perimeter (WP), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), conicity index, body mass index (BMI), body fat percent, sagittal index, and the waist-to-height, waist-to-hip and waist-to-thigh ratios were determined. IR was assessed by the HOMA-IR index. Statistical analysis consisted of Spearman correlation coefficient and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves, calculating the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS SAD (r=0.482, AUC=0.746) and WP (r=0.464, AUC=0.739) showed stronger correlations with the HOMA-IR and greater ability to identify IR (p<0.001), being 89.3 cm and 20.0 cm the best cut-offs, respectively. CONCLUSION The anthropometric indicators of central obesity, WP and SAD, have shown greater ability to identify IR in men. We encourage studies in women and elderly people in search of the best cut-off points for the entire population.