Silvia Renata Machado Coelho

Alterações no tempo de cozimento e textura dos grãos de feijão comum durante o armazenamento

Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, foi comparar alteracoes no tempo de cozimento e dureza dos graos de duas variedades de feijao comum, durante o envelhecimento natural e o acelerado. O envelhecimento de um lote de cada variedade de feijao (Iapar 81 variedade carioca e Iapar 44 - variedade preto) foi acelerado em estufa a 40oC e 76% de UR% por 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 dias. Outro lote, das mesmas variedades, foi submetido ao envelhecimento em condicoes ambientais por tres, seis, nove e doze meses. O lote-controle foi armazenado a 5 oC. Apos cada tempo de armazenagem, foram determinados os parâmetros de tempo de cozimento e dureza. Os graos da variedade carioca apresentaram maiores tempos de cozimento em relacao ao feijao preto, em ambos os sistemas de armazenagem. O feijao cozido da variedade carioca apresentou dureza maior que o feijao da variedade preto, tanto no envelhecimento acelerado quanto no envelhecimento natural. A dureza dos graos cozidos e resfriados a temperatura ambiente foi superior a dos graos resfriados a 60 oC, visto que a temperatura influenciou nas medicoes, provavelmente pela maior retrogradacao do amido a temperatura ambiente. O envelhecimento acelerado por vinte dias foi equivalente a um ano em condicoes naturais, em relacao a dureza dos graos.

Effects of the organic matter from swine wastewater on the adsorption and desorption of alachlor in soil.

The application of swine wastewater to the soil for agricultural purposes results in the addition of total and dissolved organic matter to the soil, which may interfere with the dynamics of pesticides in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of total and dissolved organic matter from a biodigester and a treatment lagoon of swine wastewater in the adsorption and desorption of alachlor [2-chloro-2,6-diethyl-N(methoxymethyl acetamide)]. The assay was performed by the batch equilibrium method, and the results were fitted to the Freundlich model. The curve comparison test revealed a greater adsorption of alachlor in the soil treated with swine wastewater from the biodigester. The adsorption and desorption of alachlor increased in the soils where swine wastewater was added, and hysteresis was observed in all of the treatments.

Physico-chemical properties of common beans under natural and accelerated storage conditions

S.R.M. Coelho, S.H. Prudencio, D. Christ, S.C. Sampaio, and V. Schoeninger. 2013. Physico-chemical characterization of common beans under natural and accelerated storage conditions. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(3): 629-636. The common bean is an important food in the human diet. Certain storage conditions, high temperatures and high humidity, cause a texture defect that reduces the acceptability of common beans. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of storage on the physico-chemical properties of common bean grains and the relationship between accelerated aging at 40 °C and 76% RH and storage under natural conditions. Two varieties of common beans (Iapar 81 – carioca variety and Iapar 44 – black variety) were stored at 40 oC and 76% RH for 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days to accelerate aging. The same varieties were stored under environmental conditions (natural aging) for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. For both storage conditions of each variety, fresh beans stored at 5 oC were used as a control group. In all of the samples, hardness, pH, acidity and the soluble protein percentage were analyzed. Both storage processes, in the natural and accelerated conditions, caused an increase in acidity (4.0 to 5.9 and 3.2 to 6.4 g acetic acid kg -1 ) and a decrease in cellular pH (6.65 to 6.45 and 6.65 to 6.45) and protein solubility (77 to 54 and 76 to 38%). The greatest percentage changes in the parameters of acidity, pH and soluble proteins were observed in the beans in the accelerated aging condition. Beans’ hardness during storage has a negative correlation with pH, which shows that it is a good indicator of grain quality. Natural storage for one year is equivalent to accelerated aging for 45 days at 40 °C and 76% RH.

Evaluation of protein extraction methods to obtain protein concentrate from cassava leaf

The cassava leaf, waste generated in the harvest of the roots, is characterized by high content of protein, vitamins and minerals; however, its use is limited due to the high fiber content and antinutritional substances, which can be removed by obtaining protein concentrates. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate protein extraction processes, aiming the use of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as an alternative protein. Four methods were tested: 1) Coagulation of Proteins by Lowering the Temperature, 2) Extraction by Isoelectric Precipitation, 3) Solubilization of Proteins and 4) Fermentation of Filter Leaf Juice. To obtain the concentrates, the use of fresh or dried leaves and extraction in one or two steps were also evaluated. The solubilization of proteins (method 3) showed a higher extraction yield; however, with concentrate of low quality. The fermentation of the juice (method 4) produced concentrates with higher quality and lower costs and the isoelectric precipitation (method 2) promoted the obtention of concentrates in less time, both with good prospects for use. The use of two extraction steps was not advantageous to the process and there was no difference between the use of fresh or dried leaf, and the use of fresh leaves is presented as a good option for the simplicity of the method.

Concentrado proteico de folhas de mandioca na alimentação de tilápias-do-nilo na fase de reversão sexual

This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of inclusion of cassava leaf protein concentrate (CLPC) in Nile tilapia diets during sex reversal phase. During the experiment, which lasted for 28 days, 300 tilapia larvae at 7 days of age were distributed into 20 aquarium tanks with 30 L of water capacity in a complete randomized design, with 5 levels of cassava leaf protein concentrate (0; 5; 10; 15; and 20%), each one with four replicates. One aquarium with 15 larvae was considered the experimental unit. The five rations were iso-proteic and iso-energetic containing 38.6% of digestible protein and 3,300 kcal of DE/kg diet. The average values of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and electric conductivity of the water in the experimental aquarium were 23.90 ± 1.35oC; 7.23 ± 0.30; 5.15 ± 0.84 mg/L; and 105.91 ± 4.73 μS/cm, respectively. At the end of the experiment, no significant differences were observed on the weight, final length, weight gain and survival rate of the larvae that were fed cassava leaf protein concentrate. The use of cassava leaf protein concentrate at levels up to 20% in the diets for Nile tilapia in sex reversal phase do not harm the survival neither the performance of the animals.

Spatial distribution of Canola culture in the State of Paraná (Brazil) between the agricultural years of 2005 and 2009

AbstractS.C. Wrublack, V.H.R. Prudente, E. Mercante, and S.R.M. Coelho. 2013. Spatial distribution of Canola culture in the State of Parana (Brazil) between the agricultural years of 2005 and 2009. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(3): 513-521. There are a number of crops that are viable for small farms. To increase our knowledge of the occurrence of canola cultivation in the State of Parana, the present study aimed to identify the areas sown with canola (ha) and to examine canola production (t) during the growing seasons of 2005 to 2009. The methodology involved a literature review and analysis of spatial data from the Secretaria da Agricultura e do Abastecimento do Parana (SEAB/PR). We used the software ArcGis 9.3 for elaboration of thematic maps of variables as well as the free software GeoDa 0.9.5-i. The identification of spatial dependence was conducted through global univariate spatial autocorrelation using Moran’s Index ( I ) statistic and, at a local level, using Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA). Spatial correlation was detected in the data on the area sown (ha) and production (t) for the canola crop. The results also indicated the possibility of expansion of cultivated areas in the State of Parana, in addition to providing interesting options regarding the composition of systems of crop rotation and soil cover. The application of the spatial statistical area contributed to the recognition of the evolution of the canola crop in the State of Parana, based on the spatialization of production and sown areas in its municipalities. It is evident that most municipalities show no significant pattern, demonstrating the potential for the expansion of sown areas in the State. For the High-High standard, it was noted that the municipalities were grouped mainly in the western and south-central State of Parana.

Correlation between 2,4-D herbicide residues and soil attributes in southern of Brazil

The 2,4-D herbicide is widely used in Brazilian and global agriculture to control weeds. It is potentially toxic to mankind, and one of the herbicides final destinations is the soil. The aim of the study was to determine the spatial correlation of 2,4-D herbicide in soil attributes after 12 months of application. The experiment was conducted in an agricultural area of 5.04 ha in the municipality of Nova Santa Rosa/PR, in 2011 and 2012. Two soil samples collections were performed: collection 1 (09/03/2011) and collection 2 (08/25/2012), both of which were made 12 months after 2,4-D application. The herbicide was applied in a single dose of 1.5 L ha-1 in 09/2010 and in two doses in 09/2011 (1.0 L ha-1or 1.5 L ha-1 2,4-D). The correlation between soil attributes and 2,4-D was determined with the use of a spatial correlation matrix. The 2,4-D soil residues varied widely from one location to another in the same area, with points of no detection of the active ingredient. It was not possible to detect differences between 1.0 L ha-1 and 1.5 L ha-1 2,4-D treatments. Several factors may have interfered in the herbicide residues in the soil, including: climate, product characteristics, physical and chemical soil characteristics, soil management, among others. The spatial correlation of the soil attributes and 2,4-D residues in the soil proved to be an important tool to verify one parameter interference over another.

Análise físico-química, microbiológica e sensorial de brotos de lentilha da variedade PRECOZ

This trial aimed to evaluate a precocious variety of lentil (Lens esculenta), developed and grown in Argentina, named PRECOZ, to be used for sprout production, using a thermal polyurethane box with a lateral drain to allow the water to flow off. The process was carried out in darkness at room-controlled temperature. Germination began in the second day after the imbibing practice, while sprouts development came on until the sixth day, with 86% germination percentage. Eight days after sowing, weights were put on sprouts to create a physiological stress as well as to increase ethylene synthesis and improve the quality of produced sprouts. They were also submitted to microbiological tests, whose values were superior to 1.1 x 104 NMP g-1 for fecal coliforms, with acidity of 2.64% and a pH of 5.48, with low acidity. There was no growth of Salmonella or Escherichia coli, once the levels were lower than 10 UFC g-1. The physiochemical analyses, in 100 grams of sprouts, presented 54.34 g of carbohydrates; 6.24 g of crude fiber and 25.56 g of protein. Non-trained taster persons were submitted to sensory tests in order to compare, according to palatability, which was more acceptable - sprouts of alfalfa or beans. The acceptability of lentils was 73.3%, with only 13.3% of rejection and 13.3% of indifference; these results were inferior to beans, which had 96.7% of acceptability and 3.3% of rejection, as well as alfalfa, which had 83.3% of acceptability and 10.00% of rejection. According to the low rejection and indifference, it is possible to suggest that the studied variety of lentil can be used in the production of sprouts, as a nutritional nourishing complement.

Análise físico-química, microbiológica e sensorial de brotos de lentilha da variedade PRECOZ - DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v31i4.317

This trial aimed to evaluate a precocious variety of lentil ( Lens esculenta ), developed and grown in Argentina, named PRECOZ, to be used for sprout production, using a thermal polyurethane box with a lateral drain to allow the water to flow off. The process was carried out in darkness at room-controlled temperature. Germination began in the second day after the imbibing practice, while sprouts development came on until the sixth day, with 86% germination percentage. Eight days after sowing, weights were put on sprouts to create a physiological stress as well as to increase ethylene synthesis and improve the quality of produced sprouts. They were also submitted to microbiological tests, whose values were superior to 1.1 x 104 NMP g -1 for fecal coliforms, with acidity of 2.64% and a pH of 5.48, with low acidity. There was no growth of Salmonella or Escherichia coli , once the levels were lower than 10 UFC g -1 . The physiochemical analyses, in 100 grams of sprouts, presented 54.34 g of carbohydrates; 6.24 g of crude fiber and 25.56 g of protein. Non-trained taster persons were submitted to sensory tests in order to compare, according to palatability, which was more acceptable – sprouts of alfalfa or beans. The acceptability of lentils was 73.3%, with only 13.3% of rejection and 13.3% of indifference; these results were inferior to beans, which had 96.7% of acceptability and 3.3% of rejection, as well as alfalfa, which had 83.3% of acceptability and 10.00% of rejection. According to the low rejection and indifference, it is possible to suggest that the studied variety of lentil can be used in the production of sprouts, as a nutritional nourishing complement.