Silvio Massaru Ichihara

A importância do agronegócio familiar no Brasil

This paper presents the results for the familiar activity level of the agricultural agribusiness in the Brazilian economy for the period from 1995 to 2003. Using input-output models it was possible to estimate the importance of the Gross Domestic Product of the familiar agribusiness in the national economy. The results show that around 1/3 of the Brazilian agribusiness come from the agricultural production done by the familiar agriculture, it was also noticed that the recent development of the familiar agriculture and of its links has been very positive, suppressing, the growth rates found in the non-familiar segment.

The Oil and Gas Sector in the Brazilian Economy

This paper presents the results of a research conducted to measure the importance of the oil and gas complex in the Brazilian economy and in its states, henceforth called O&G. Initially, the efforts were concentrated on the construction of an interregional input-output system for the 27 states of the Brazilian economy at the level of 42 industries, for the year of 2002. By using this system, it was possible to make an analysis of the role played by the oil and gas complex in the Brazilian economy and its states. First it was made an analysis of the economic flows linked to the oil and gas production, and then it is made an estimation of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) value generated by the oil and gas complex in the Brazilian economy and its states. It was also made a detailed analysis of the productive chain of the oil and gas, starting from the suppliers of inputs to the oil and gas production, going through the production itself and the various stages of refining and processing, and ending at the measuring of the services and distribution activities. The results show that the oil and gas complex has a share of around 10.4% of the Brazilian GDP, while the share in the GDP of the states ranges from less than 1% to 27%.

How important is agriculture and familiar agriculture agribusiness for Brazil and its states: an interregional input-output approach

The aim of this paper is estimate how important is agriculture and familiar agriculture agribusiness for Brazil and its states. To do so, the GDP for the agribusiness of these complexes is estimated for Brazil and for its 27 states. The estimation is based on an interregional input-output system constructed for the Brazilian economy. The agribusiness takes into consideration the relations between the agriculture production and the other sectors in the economy (inputs for production, industry, transportation, distribution, and commercialization). The importance of the agribusiness can be evidence for it’s share of about 30% in the total Brazilian GDP, but regional differences will make this average oscillates between 4% and 79% in the Brazilian states. Another distinction will be made between small familiar production and large scale production that will vary according to the product and the state. Some relation between land distribution and the type of agriculture will also be made.

Regional Development and Government Income Transfer Programs: Combining Input–Output Systems and Geoprocessing as Tools for Planning in São Paulo State, Brazil

To measure the regional impacts and possible development and planning policies of the “Bolsa Familia” Program, an income transfer program founded by the Brazilian Federal Government, this study innovates by combining geoprocessing with input–output theory. The analytical potential is showed through the estimation and analysis of the Sao Paulo State Municipalities supply and demand relations. These relations were estimated in the process of the construction of the state interregional input–output system. By having in view that the creation of accurate development strategies depends on regional peculiarities, the results show that this program must be understood not only as a form of income transference, but also as a catalytic agent for decreasing the regional inequality inside the state.

Combining geoprocessing and interregional input-output systems: An application to the State of São Paulo in Brazil

This work develops a method for the construction of input-output systems capable of estimating the flows of goods and services among cities, having in view that the creation of accurate strategies depends on the regional peculiarities incorporated in the scope of the economic planning researches. The study innovates by combining geoprocessing with inputoutput theory elements, facilitating the interpretation of the information available on the extensive data set of interregional input-output systems. The analytical potential is showed through a panoramic evaluation of the Sao Paulo State supply and demand relations, and by the application of the estimated input-output system to a study of the regional impacts of the “Bolsa Familia” Program, an income transfer program from the Federal government. The results show that this program must be understood not only as a form of income transference, but also as a catalytic agent for decreasing the regional inequality inside the state.

Contribuição Da Agricultura E Do Agronegócio Familiar Para O Pib Do Nordeste (The Importance of the Family Agribusiness to the Northeast Region GDP)

Portuguese Abstract: Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o nivel de atividade do agronegocio da agricultura familiar na Regiao Nordeste do Brasil, para o periodo de 1995 a 2006. Atraves dos Modelos de Insumo-Produto foi possivel estimar a importância do Produto Interno Bruto do agronegocio familiar no contexto regional e nacional. Concretamente, os resultados demonstram que cerca de 45% do agronegocio nordestino advem da producao agropecuaria realizada pelos agricultores familiares. No entanto, desempenhos desfavoraveis da producao agropecuaria apos o ano de 2003 foram mais intensos no Nordeste, prejudicando a participacao do agronegocio total e familiar na Regiao. Em geral, diversos setores da economia cresceram mais que o agronegocio total, contribuindo para queda de sua participacao.English Abstract: This aim of this paper is to estimate the level of economic activity in the Northeast Region of Brazil which is derived from the family agribusiness, for the period from 1995 to 2006. The agribusiness takes into consideration the relations between the agriculture production and the other sectors in the economy, i.e.: a) inputs for production; b) industry; and c) transportation, distribution, and commercialization. Using an interregional input-output model it was possible to estimate the importance of the family agribusiness Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at the regional and national level. The results show that about 45% of the Northeast agribusiness comes from family farmers. However, the unfavorable performance of agricultural production after 2003 was more intense in the Northeast region, reducing the share of the total and the family agribusiness in this region. In general, nonagricultural sectors of the economy grew faster than agribusiness, contributing to a reduction of the agribusiness share in the economy.

Structural Analysis of Employment in the Brazilian Economy: 1996 and 2002 Compared

With the implementation, in 1994, of the Real plan in the Brazilian economy, and the consequent price stabilization, the analysis of structural aspects of the economy has gain in importance. Among these aspects, giving the needs for labor absorption in the economy, one of the main concerns relates to the question of employment. This paper deals with this by making an analysis of the changes in the employment in the Brazilian economy and relating these changes with the productive structure of the Brazilian economy between 1996 and 2002. To do it is made use of input-output matrices estimated for the Brazilian economy for these years and for 42 economic sectors, according to the methodology presented by Guilhoto and Sesso Fillho (2005). Through the use of these matrices, a series of indicators were estimated, which then, allowed to make an analysis of the structural aspects of the Brazilian economy and to relate if with the employment changes occurred in the period being considered.

The Impact of Economic Growth on the Highways in Sao Paulo: An Application of Input-Output Model Combined with GIS (O Impacto Do Crescimento Econômico Sobre as Rodovias De São Paulo: Uma Aplicação Do Modelo De Insumo-Produto Combinado Com O Geoprocessamento)

The knowledge of the transport infrastructure is essential to define development strategies, especially in countries with continental dimensions like Brazil. Information about the spatial distribution of the economic agents and its commercial transactions allow the creation of specific regional plans. This study attempts to estimate the impact of the economic growth on the highways, using economic data of the Sao Paulo State. Initially, the economic flows among the cities of the State are estimated using an input-output gravity model, considering entropy maximization model and the inter-industry relationships derived from the input-output systems; later, these flows are incorporated in a geographic information system applied to transport network. Thus, the economic value associated to each highway is determined, allowing evaluate the difference between the years of 2002 and 2012, through the analysis of impact using the Leontief inverse matrix. The results are demonstrated by maps, making possible the direct evaluation about demand of transport network, easily understood by other areas technicians.

Geoprocessing and Estimation of Interregional Input-Output Systems an Application to the State of Sao Paulo in Brazil

This work develops a method for the construction of input-output systems capable of estimating the flows of goods and services among cities, having in view that the creation of accurate strategies depends on the regional peculiarities incorporated in the scope of the economic planning researches. The study innovates by combining geoprocessing with input-output theory elements, facilitating the interpretation of the information available on the extensive data set of interregional input-output systems. The analytical potential is showed through a panoramic evaluation of the Sao Paulo State supply and demand relations, and by the application of the estimated input-output system to a study of the regional impacts of the “Bolsa Familia” Program, an income transfer program from the Federal government. The results show that this program must be understood not only as a form of income transference, but also as a catalytic agent for decreasing the regional inequality inside the state.

Changing Structure of Employment in the Brazilian Economy: 1996 and 2002 Compared (Mudanças Estruturais Do Emprego Na Economia Brasileira: 1996 E 2002 Comparados)

With the implementation, in 1994, of the Real plan in the Brazilian economy, and the consequent price stabilization, the analysis of structural aspects of the economy has gained importance. Among these aspects, considering the needs for labor absorption in the economy, one of the main concerns relates to the question of employment. This paper deals with it by making an analysis of the changes in the employ distribution relating to modifications of productive structure in the Brazilian economy, between 1996 and 2002. The analytical method used input-output matrices and its correspondent theory. The efforts concentrated on input-output matrix construction for the year 2002 and comparative analysis, applying several techniques and parameters. A series of indicators were estimated, this allowed to make an analysis about the structural aspects of the Brazilian economy and to relate it with the employment changes occurred in the period being considered.