Simón Fos

Síntomas de daños por contaminantes atmosféricos en Parmelia sulcata Tayl. en la zona de La Robla (León, España)

Se presenta un estudio realizado en los alrededores de la Central Termica de La Robla (Leon), en el cual se aporta una escala de Danos Visibles presentes en Parmelia sulcata Tayl. que pueden ser causados por el SO2. Se analizan para tal fin tanto las modificaciones morfologicas, como la presencia y el porcentaje de cobertura en las diferentes localidades muestreadas en el area de estudio.

Injury Symptoms and Releasing Rates of Inorganic Ions from Pine Needles as Indicators of Atmospheric Pollution in the Canary Islands Forests

Pinus canariensis Chr, Sm. ex DC. samples showing severe damage produced by atmospheric pollution were taken from three locations under the possible influence of the emissions of a fuel-fired power plant in Tenerife. Other samples were taken at four control locations in Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain), distant from local sources of pollution. Injury symptoms were evaluated by visual examination of the needles, and the data were correlated with the releasing rates of inorganic anions and cations from the needles when sonicated under water. For this purpose, the samples were sonicated 4-times during 10 min successive periods while renewing the water layer in between, and the leachates were analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis. Measurable amounts of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO42- were detected. Potassium ions were released in approximately constant or increasing amounts along the sonication series in the control samples, whereas the samples damaged by pollution released larger amounts during the first sonication treatment, and much lower amounts afterwards. Indices which estimated the initial releasing rate of the cations were examinated as possible indicators to evaluate atmospheric pollution. Only the K+ index showed a large positive correlation with the brown-reddish decoloration and tip necrosis of the needles. The correlation of the K+ index with flecking and steepling of the needles was much lower. After principal component analysis of the autoscaled data, the sampling sites and the variables were projected on the plane of the first and second eigenvectors. Using the visual examination parameters as variables, both without and with addition of the cation indices, the sampling sites appeared in the order of increasing damage along the first eigenvector. Evidence of the effects of long-range transported pollutants was obtained, and no relationship was demonstrated between damage of pine needles and emissions from the power plant.

Sobre la presencia de Rinodina dalmatica Zahlbr. en España

Abstract Rinodina dalmatica Zahlbr., an epiphytic lichen until now only known from Croatia, France, Greece, Italy and Portugal, is reported for the first time in Spain, in several southern localities. A short description of this species and a report of the differences observed in studied specimens with regard to previous descriptions are provided.

Diversidad liquénica asociada a fenómenos post-incendio en los alcornocales valenciano-castellonenses.

FOS, S., CALATAYUD, A. & BARRENO, E. 2001. Diversidad liquenica asociada a fenomenos post-incendio en los alcornocales valenciano-castellonenses. Bot. Complutensis 25: 103-113. Se estudia la colonizacion post-incendio de las cortezas quemadas de los alcornoques (Quercus suber L.), por liquenes epifitos,en los diferentes nucleos del alcornocal valenciano-castellonense (Asplenio onopteridis-Querco suberis sigmetum). Estos bosques, afectados por incendios diferentes, se localizan en las Sierras de Espadan y Calderona y en el Desierto de las Palmas y difieren en sus condiciones bioclimaticas, en la estructura del bosque y, consecuentemente, en la composicion floristica de las comunidades previas a los incendios. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el estado de la recolonizacion e identificar que factores podrian estar implicados en el proceso. La riqueza especifica y la cobertura de las comunidades epifitas muestra asimetrias importantes entre areas. Estas diferencias se relacionan con la proximidad de zonas inalteradas, que deben actuar como inoculo, y con las caracteristicas bioclimaticas de cada territorio. En total, se han identificado 40 especies liquenicas: 18 crustaceas (45%), 18 foliaceas (45%) y 4 fruticulosas (10%). La sucesion secundaria esta dominada por especies de amplia tolerancia ecologica que poseen estructuras de multiplicacion vegetativa. Hyperphyscia adglutinata, Physcia adscendens, Ph. tenella y Scoliciosporum chloroccocum son las que aparecen mas tempranamente y las mas ampliamente representadas; otras, como Evernia prunastri, P. tiliacea, P. soredians,P. subrudecta, Ramalina farinacea, etc., aparecen con mayor frecuencia y desarrollo en los alcornocales que sufrieron un incendio menos intenso y con ombroclima subhumedo.