Sin-Ting Chen

Electromagnetic bandgap power/ground planes for wideband suppression of ground bounce noise and radiated emission in high-speed circuits

A power/ground planes design for efficiently eliminating the ground bounce noise (GBN) in high-speed digital circuits is proposed by using low-period coplanar electromagnetic bandgap (LPC-EBG) structure. Keeping solid for the ground plane and designing an LPC-EBG pattern on the power plane, the proposed structure omnidirectionally behaves highly efficiently in suppression of GBN (over 50 dB) within the broad-band frequency range (over 4 GHz). In addition, the proposed designs suppress radiated emission (or electromagnetic interference) caused by the GBN within the stopband. These extinctive behaviors of low radiation and broad-band suppression of the GBN is demonstrated numerically and experimentally. Good agreements are seen. The impact of the LPC-EBG power plane on the signal integrity for the signals referring to the power plane is investigated. Two possible solutions, differential signals and an embedded LPC-EBG power plane concept, are suggested and discussed to reduce the impact.

A novel power planes with low radiation and broadband suppression of ground bounce noise using photonic bandgap structures

A novel power/ground planes design for eliminating the ground bounce noise (GBN) in high-speed digital circuits is proposed by using low-period photonic bandgap (PBG) structure. Keeping solid for the ground plane and designing low-period PBG pattern on the power plane, the proposed structure omni-directionally behaves highly efficient suppression of GBN (over 50 dB) within broadband frequency range from 1 GHz to 4 GHz. Although the power plane has low-period perforation, the proposed structure still performs with relatively low radiation within the stopband compared with the solid power/ground planes. The low radiation and high suppression of the GBN for the proposed structure are checked both experimentally and numerically. Good consistency is seen.

Numerical and experimental investigation of radiation caused by the switching noise on the partitioned DC reference planes of high speed digital PCB

Influence of the partitioning and bridging of the power/ground planes on the radiation caused by the switching noise on the dc reference planes is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Based on the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain modeling, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance of the partitioned power/ground planes is studied. Radiated emission at the 3-m distance from the tested boards is measured in a fully anechoic chamber. The measured and the numerical results agree generally well. The radiation behavior of four kinds of partitioned configuration of the power/ground planes is studied. It is found that completely isolating the noise source by the etched slits, or moats, significantly reduces the radiation level at the frequencies near resonance. However, bridges connecting two sides of the moat not only significantly degrade the ability of the EMI protection of the moat, but also excite a new low-frequency resonant mode. The effect of the geometrical parameters, such as the moat size, moat location, bridge width, and bridge position, on the radiation behavior of the printed circuit board is considered. The radiation mechanism of the EMI behavior of the partitioned dc reference planes is discussed.

A photonic crystal power/ground layer for eliminating simultaneously switching noise in high-speed circuit

A novel photonic crystal power/ground layer (PCPL) is proposed to efficiently suppress the power/ground bounce noise (P/GBN) or simultaneously switching noise (SSN) in high-speed digital circuits. The PCPL is designed by periodically embedding high dielectric-constant rods into the substrate between the power and ground planes with a small area filling ratio less than 10%. The PCPL can efficiently eliminate the SSN (over 60 dB) with broad stopband bandwidth (totally over 4 GHz) below the 10-GHz range, and in the time domain, the P/GBN can be significantly reduced over 90%. The PCPL not only performs good power integrity, but also keeps good signal quality with significant improvement on eye patterns for high-speed signals with via transitions. In addition, the proposed designs perform low radiation (or electromagnetic interference) caused by the SSN within the stopbands. These extinctive behaviors both in signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility are demonstrated numerically and experimentally. Good agreements are seen. The bandgap maps to help design the PCPL structure are also demonstrated based on the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method

Modeling Noise Coupling Between Package and PCB Power/Ground Planes With an Efficient 2-D FDTD/Lumped Element Method

An efficient numerical approach based on the 2-D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is proposed to model the power/ground plane noise or simultaneously switching noise (SSN), including the interconnect effect between the package and the print circuit board (PCB). The space between the power and ground planes on the package and PCB are meshed with 2-D cells. The equivalent R-L-C circuits of the via and the solder balls connecting the package and PCB can be incorporated into a 2-D Yee cell based on a novel integral formulation in the time domain. An efficient recursive updating algorithm is proposed to fit the lumped networks into the Yee equations. A test sample of a ball grid array (BGA) package mounted on a PCB was fabricated. The power/ground noise coupling behavior was measured and compared with the simulation. The proposed method significantly reduces the computing time compared with other full-wave numerical approaches.

A novel approach for the incorporation of arbitrary linear lumped network into FDTD method

A novel approach is proposed to incorporate arbitrary linear network into one grid-cell of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in this work. By correlating the node voltage and current with the impedance (or admittance) of the network in the integral form, an efficient recursive updating algorithm is proposed to fit the lumped networks to the FDTD Yees equations. This approach has good numerical accuracy and numerical stability. An example of a parallel transmission line terminated with a lumped network is used to demonstrate the validity of this approach.

A new frequency selective surface power plane with broad band rejection for simultaneous switching noise on high-speed printed circuit boards

A novel L-bridged frequency selective surface (FSS) power/ground planes is proposed with super-broadband rejection for simultaneous switch noise (SSN) from 600 Mz to 4.6 GHz. The L-shaped bridge design on the FSS power plane not only broadens the stop-band bandwidth, but also increases the mutual coupling between the adjacent FSS cells with allowing the significant decrease of the gap between the cells. It is found the small gap design can ease the degradation of the signal quality for the signal referring to the perforated FSS power plane. The excellent SSN suppression performance with keeping reasonably good signal integrity for the proposed structure is validated both experimentally and numerically. Good agreement is seen.

An electromagnetic crystal power substrate with efficient suppression of power/ground plane noise on high-speed circuits

An electromagnetic crystal power substrate (ECPS) in a high-speed circuit package is proposed for suppressing the power/ground planes noise (P/GPN) and the corresponding electromagnetic interference (EMI). The ECPS is simply realized by periodically embedding the high dielectric-constant rods into the conventional package substrate between the continuous power and ground planes. With a small number of embedded rods and low rod filling ratio, the proposed ECPS design can efficiently eliminate the noise of 30dB in average within several designed stopbands. In addition, the radiation or EMI resulting from the P/GPN is also significantly reduced over 25dB in the stopbands. The excellent noise and EMI suppression performance for the proposed structure are verified both experimentally and numerically. Reasonably good consistency is seen

Improving the Radiated Immunity of the Strip-Lines Using a Novel Hybrid EBG Structure

Based on a hybrid EBG plane structure, a strip-line design with enhanced radiated immunity (RI) performance is proposed. Compared with the conventional strip-line structure, the proposed strip-line behaves over 25dB RI improvement within multiple stopbands, which can cover the wireless communication bands of PCS and WLAN with totally over 5GHz bandwidth

A novel embedded power plane with 10Ghz stopband for simultaneous switching noise

This paper proposes a novel embedded band selective (EBS) power plane with 10GHz stopband bandwidth. A four-layer laminate package with the dimension of 4cm square is used to implement the concept. Because the hybrid-cell periodic structure (HCPS) designed on the power/ground planes selects different rejection band, this novel embedded power/ground plane design behaves over 60dB SSN suppression from 1.5GHz up to 11.5GHz. This excellent behavior is validated both by simulation and measurement.