Sitti Rahmah Umniyati

Effects of Curcumin and Pentagamavunon-0 Against Dengue-2 Virus Infection in Vero Cells; an in Vitro Study☆

Abstract The research aims was to determine the cytotoxic effects and the highest safe concentration of curcumin and PGV-0 on vero cells. This research also compare the effect of curcumin and PGV-0 against vero cells infected by Dengue virus (in vitro) in one and three days incubation period. The highest safe concentrations against vero cells from curcumin was 6.25ppm and 1.5625ppm for PGV-0. Immunocytochemistry test of curcumin and PGV-0 in both incubation period (one and three days) shows no significant difference (significant value 0.925), but RT-PCR result indicates that PGV - 0 have potential antiviral better than curcumin.

Uji Anti Virus Senyawa Kurkumin dan PGV-0 pada Virus Dengue-2 dengan RT-PCR

ABSTRACT Treatment of Dengue patients today are to relieve symptoms because specific therapies and effective anti-viral drugs have not been found . Curcumin is known has anti-viral activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-parasitic and anti-cancer. Curcumin has a weakness that is sensitive to acidity (pH) and light, so curcumin analogues that is pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0) was made in order to obtain better anti viral activity . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of curcumin and PGV-0 on vero cells infected by Dengue-2. This research was conducted in the laboratory of parasitology Faculty of Medicine of Gadjah Mada University in January - September 2013. Experimental studies using RT-PCR test to determine the presence of Dengue-2 antigen. Dengue-2 virus propagated in C636 cells and then infected in vero cells to further treated with curcumin and PGV-0. The incubation period of Dengue-2 infections performed for 1 and 3 days. The results of RT-PCR showed Dengue-2 antigen was seen in the 3-day infection period in the treatment of curcumin . T his result indicates PGV-0 has potential antiviral better than curcumin.

Variations in Dilution of DSSE 10 Antibody in Immunocytochemistry Technique to Detect Dengue-3 Virus in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Introduction: Dengue viruses, globally the most prevalent arboviruses, are transmitted to humans by persistently infected Aedes mosquitoes. The most important vector of Dengue virus is the mosquito Ae. aegypti, which should be the main target of surveillance and control activities. Virologic surveillance for Dengue viruses in its vector has been used as an early warning system to predict outbreaks. Detection of Dengue virus antigen in mosquito head squash using immunocytochemical streptavidin biotin peroxidase complex (SBPC) assay is an alternative method for Dengue vector surveillance. Objectives: The study was aimed to compare several variations of MAb DDSE10 dilutions used in immunocytochemical SBPC assay to detect Dengue virus infection in head squash of Ae. aegypti. Methods: The study design was experimental. Artifi cially-infected adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes of DENV 3 were used as infectious samples and uninfected adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were used as normal ones. The immunocytochemical SBPC assay using monoclonal antibody DSSE10 with 4 variations of dilution (1:5, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:50) was applied on mosquito head squash to detect Dengue virus antigen. The results were analyzed descriptively. Results: All variants of MAb DSSE10 dilutions in immunocytochemical SBPC assay showed positive imunoreaction in infected mosquito head squash. All variants of MAb DSSE10 dilutions in immunocytochemical SBPC assay showed negative immunoreaction in uninfected mosquito head squash. Conclusion: Monoclonal antibody DSSE10 could be used in immunochemistry technique to detect Dengue-3 virus antigen in Aedes aegypti infected intrathoracally, with 1:50 dilution. Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Dengue virus, Immunocytochemical, SPBC, Monoclonal Antibody DSSE-10

PEMERIKSAAN VIRUS DENGUE-3 PADA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti YANG DIINFEKSI SECARA INTRATHORAKAL DENGAN TEKNIK IMUNOSITOKIMIA MENGGUNAKAN ANTIBODI DSSE10

ABSTRACT Dengue viruses, globally the most prevalent arboviruses, are transmitted to humans by persistently infected Aedes mosquitoes. The most important vector of Dengue virus is the mosquito Ae.aegypti, which should be the main target of surveillance and control activities. Virologic surveillance for dengue viruses in its vector has been used as an early warning system to predict outbreaks. Detection of Dengue virus antigen in mosquito head squash using immunocytochemical streptavidin biotin peroxidase complex (SBPC) assay is an alternative method for dengue vector surveillance. The study aimed to develope immunocytochemical SBPC assay to detect Dengue virus infection in head squash of Ae.aegypti. The study design was experimental. Artificially-infected adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes of DENV 3 were used as infectious samples and non-infected adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were used as normal ones. The immunocytochemical SBPC assay using monoclonal antibody DSSE10 then was applied in mosquito head squash to detect Dengue virus antigen. The results were analyzed by descriptive analysis. The immunocytochemical SBPC assay can detect Dengue virus antigen in mosquito head squash at day 2 postinfection. There are some false positive results found in immunocytochemical SBPC assay. Key Word: Dengue, immunocytochemistry, DSSE10ABSTRACT Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease transmitted by Leptospira bacteria by rats as the main reservoir. Cases of leptospirosis occurred in several districts in Sleman. One of them is Berbah Sub-district with one case of leptospirosis in 2011. The purpose of this study to identify the biotic and abiotic environmental conditions, species of rodents captured in the study site, trap success, and Leptospira bacteria in the blood serum and kidney of rats. The study was conducted in the Jogotirto Village, Berbah Sub-district, Sleman District. As many as 150 traps had been used in 2 trapped indoor and 2 trapped outdoor during 3 days. Measurements, observations environmental conditions and interviews about rats and rats disease transmission around leptospirosis cases. Rats had been trapped identified, blood and kidneys was taken to be examined in the presence of Leptospira bacteria by using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Data were analyzed descriptively in tables and graphs. Biotic and abiotic environmental conditions favor transmission of leptospirosis. Rats spesies had been found were Rattus tanezumi, Suncus murinus, and R. tiomanicus with trap succes indoor as much 10.5% and outdoor as much 5.2%. People had less knowledge about rats and rats disease transmission. Keywords: rats, knowledge, SlemanABSTRACT Introduction: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a public health problem in Singkawang Municipality which was an endemic area. DHF surveillance is expected to inform endemicity of an area, season of transmission and disease progression that can be use to make the system more effective and efficient. Methods: Observational study by using a structured questionnaire. Interview was conducted to all DHF surveillance officers. Evaluated had been done to the variable of input, process, and output of the surveillance system. We conducted an on the job training to all DHF surveillance officers after the evaluation. Results: 66.7% officers never got any trainings of surveillance, 83.3% had double duty, budgeting limited to physical needs, facilities and infrastructures. Process variable, data collection was late; analysis and recommendation had not been directed to the distribution of cases, the relationship between risk factors and the mortality of DHF incidence, and environment changing, feedback; data distribution had not been implemented optimally. Output variable was still weak, no surveillance epidemiology profile. Attribute surveillance such as simplicity, flexibility, and positive predictive value were good, but still weak in acceptability, sensitivity, representativeness, and timeliness. Short-term evaluation resulted that there was an increasing knowledge of surveillance officers (p value <0.05). Mid-term evaluation resulted that there was an increasing of completeness and accuracy of DHF report from 80% to 100%, active case finding, epidemiology investigation conducted to all DHF cases. Discussion and Conclusions : DHF surveillance system in Singkawang needs to be improved, there were many attributes of surveillance system that had not done well. Training of surveillance system is needed to improve capability and capacity of the surveillance officers. Keywords: Evaluation, Surveillance, DHF, SingkawangABSTRACT Malaria is still becoming public health problem in Tabalong District, South Kalimantan Province. Malaria case in Tabalong during 3 last years experiences improvement, and spread in four Sub District. The study aimed to explains the epidemiology of malaria in Santuun village, Muara Uya Sub District. Santuun village is most endemic area in Muara Uya Subdistrict, malaria control activity which have been done are passive case detection in Health Center / Hospital and entomological survey. Malaria distribution in Santuun village based on time related to rainfall, at high rainfall of malaria cases tend to increase. Most of malaria cases found at male group. Anopheles habit in Santuun is rainwater pond, sleazy pool, cracks, rice field. Anopheles which were found : An. aconitus, An. balabacensis, An. nigerimus, An. barbirostris, An. kochi, An. vagus, An.minimus. Keyword : Malaria, Santuun, Muara Uya