Siu Yin Cheung

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2

The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying structure of the second edition of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (Ulrich, 2000) as applied to Chinese children. The Test of Gross Motor Development-2 was administered to 626 Hong Kong Chinese children. The outlier test with standard scoring was utilized. After data screening, a total of 614 cases (N = 614) were used for further analysis. The two-factor structure of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 was tested using confirmatory factor analysis with maximum likelihood estimation to compute parameter estimates and to select the appropriate item for each factor. The goodness-of-fit indices supported that the model was tenable (goodness-of-fit index = .95, root mean square error of approximation = .06, standardized root mean square residual = .04, comparative-fit index = .97). The findings of this study suggested that the two-factor structure proposed by Ulrich (2000) fit the data of Hong Kong Chinese children.

An Innovative Shortened Bilingual Version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS-SBV):

The purpose of this study was to develop the POMS-SBV using a sample of healthy individuals. Participants (N = 1,923) were elementary and high school students from Hong Kong and Beijing. Item elimination was based on face validity and the impact of those items on the internal consistency of the subscales. The final version of the POMS-SBV has 38 items. A strong positive relationship (r = 0.94 to 0.97) was found between the six dimensions of the POMS-SBV and that of the original POMS. Both scales have identical overall internal consistency and Total Mood Disturbance scores, yet the POMS-SBV reduces greatly the response burden necessary for completion. It is concluded that the POMS-SBV can be an ideal alternative to the original POMS.

Effects of an 8-Week Structured Physical Activity Program on Psychosocial Behaviors of Children With Intellectual Disabilities

The study aimed to investigate the impact of an 8-wk structured physical activity program on selected psychosocial behaviors of children with intellectual disabilities (ID) and to estimate whether generalization occurred. Thirty children (22 boys, 8 girls) with mild ID took part in the study. The ANCOVA results showed a significant difference between the training group and the control group in emotional self-control mean scores, F(1, 25) = 7.61, p = .011, with the posttest mean score of the training group being better than that of the control group. The correlation analysis showed a medium, positive correlation between the gain scores of emotional self-control in the training context and classroom context of the training group (r = .41, n = 16, p = .12). Hence, generalization appeared to have occurred.

A Systematic Review of Recreation Therapy for Depression in Older Adults

Background: Recreation therapy (RT) provides a flexible and powerful treatment for depression associated with aging. This article reviewed the effectiveness of RT to treat depression in older adults. Method: Five electronic databases were employed to identify interventional studies on RT in depressed older adults: Pubmed, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Academic Search Premier and ERIC. Articles were screened against inclusion criteria and assessed with respect to methodological quality. Results: A systematic literature review included 18 articles. Fourteen studies reported improvement in depression but 6 studies lack adequate significance in the positive effect of RT. Methodological quality assessment of 13 randomizedcontrolled trials and 5 non-controlled studies indicated an overall mean of 5.67 ± 1.94 points out of 9. Conclusion: There were positive findings that RT is effective in improving geriatric depression. Future investigation is encouraged to explore the mechanism between physical activity RT and depression improvement.

The Modern Olympic Games — 1896, 2016 and Beyond: Can Elite Sport Spectacles Incite Movement among the Masses, or Do They Merely Foster Spectatoritis?

This article discusses the to-date unmet potential of the Olympic Games to inspire and support a global physical activity revolution.

The Challenge of Physical Activity Courses in Higher Education

This article explores the reasons behind the decline in mandatory physical activity course requirements in higher education, and the effect this has on todays student population.

A Unified Gymnastics for All Fun Day as an Inclusive Event

In this article, the authors will share the development and implementation of the Unified Gymnastics for All Fun Day as an inclusive event for students with and without mild intellectual disabilities.

Perceptions Regarding the Implementation of E-Portfolio for Students in Sport and Recreation Internship Placements

This chapter aims to investigate perceptions regarding the implementation of Electronic Portfolio (e-portfolio) for students enrolled in the Bachelor of Social Sciences (Honours) in Sport and Recreation Leadership program. Sixty students (Males = 35, 58.3%, Females = 24, 40%) participated in a pilot study by electronically submitting their internship experience portfolio to the Mahara e-portfolio system. A compulsory training workshop was conducted in October 2013. Students submitted their CV, internship information, student reflections and artefacts to the Mahara e-portfolio system during and after the internship in 2014. Students’ perceptions and lecturers’ comments on e-portfolio implementation were collected and discussed in this chapter.

Validation of the Olympic Games Attitude Scale (OGAS): Evidence from Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses

Abstract There have been extensive studies of local residents’ perception and reaction to the impacts of mega events. However, there is limited empirical research on the social impacts that shape foreign attitudes toward the host country. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Olympic Games Attitude Scale (OGAS) to examine viewers’ perception of the Olympics hosting country. Participants (N = 483) were based on a convenience sample in a local community of the mid-Atlantic region in the United States. Results of the exploratory factor analysis identified four factors (economic advancement, image enhancement, community enrichment, and turmoil development) with a total variance of 67.59%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that after removing one item, the 13-item OGAS provided a good fit to the data (comparative fit index [CFI] = .97; incremental fit index [IFI] = .97, standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = .049; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .080). It is concluded that the OGAS is a valid measuring instrument for assessing viewers’ perception of hosting the Olympic Games.

Factor Structure of the Chinese Service Quality Assessment Scale

ed/indexed in: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport is an SCI (Science Citation Information) and SSCI (Social Science Citation Information) journal. It is also abstracted/indexed in Biological Abstracts, CurrentREFERENCES The VERBTM Summer Scorecard (VSS) program was designed with the purpose of promoting physical activity among ‘tweens’ (8-13 year olds). A unique aspect of the VSS program is the scorecard which serves multiple purposes. The scorecard primarily serves as a behavioral reinforcer for physical activity. The scorecard also tracks physical activity for each participant. A community-based prevention marketing (CBPM) approach was taken to adapt the VSS to meet the needs of a rural, diverse population in the southeastern United States. Formative research was conducted with the target audience. Focus group interviews were conducted with parents and their children. Content analysis showed significant changes were needed for program. Previous versions of the Scorecard did not test well with the target audience, who suggested the use of smaller Scorecards and fobs as a secondary reinforcer. These changes offer many potential benefits to participation reinforcement and physical activity participation tracking. Figure 2. Scorecard from Southeast Georgia