Sixi Zhu

The slight impacts of marine current to Cd contents in bottom waters in Jiaozhou Bay

This paper analyzed the content, horizontal distribution and migration process of Cd in bottom waters in Jiaozhou Bay based on the investigation of Cd in July and October 1984. Results showed that Cd contents in bottom waters in July and October were 0.05-0.18 μg L -1 and 0.05-0.06 μg L -1 , respectively, and were lower than the upper limit for Cd in Grade I (1.00 μg L -1 ) in Sea water quality standard (GB 3097-1997) of China. Cd contents in July were decreasing from the inside of the bay mouth to the bay mouth, and then the outside of the bay mouth. Cd contents in October were decreasing from the outside of the bay mouth to the bay mouth; and the inside of the bay mouth to the bay mouth in October. The reasons of the sedimentation rates of Cd were different were that high Cd contents were occurring in different areas in surface waters, and the vertical waters effect. In generally, Marine current was the major source, whose impacts on Cd contents were very slight in 1984.

Migration Paths of PHC in Jiaozhou Bay

This paper analyzed the sources and migration paths of Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) in Jiaozhou Bay in 1987. Results showed that PHC contents in May, July and November 1987 in surface waters in Jiaozhou Bay were 0.014-0.060 mg L, 0.016-0.066 mg L and 0.030-0.091 mg L, respectively. The pollution levels of PHC in this bay were still slight in 1987. The major PHC sources in Jiaozhou Bay in 1987 were river flow and oil port, whose source strengths were 0.066 mg L and 0.060-0.091 mg L, respectively. The migration paths of PHC from different sources were also different since the source strengths and geographic locations of these sources were different. In general, different countermeasures should be provided to different sources of PHC.

Settling Process of Cd and the Origin in Jiaozhou Bay

This paper analyzed the settling process of Cd and the origin in Jiaozhou Bay based on investigation data during 1979 — 1983. Results showed that the distributions of Cd contents in bottom waters were determined by the spatialtemporal variations of the Cd source inputs, and the transports of Cd from land/atmosphere to ocean. The seasonal-spatial variations of the settling of Cd resulted in the variations of high Cd content regions in bottom waters. During 1979-1983, the source strengths of were increasing, and were extending the high Cd content regions and increasing the Cd contents in bottom waters.

The diffusion of PHC from Jiaozhou Bay to the open waters

Based on investigation data on petroleum hydro-carbon (PHC) in April, July and October 1985 in Jiaozhou Bay, we analyzed the content, pollution level and diffusion of PHC. Results showed that PHC contents were ranging from 0.010-0.124 mg L, indicating that this bay had been moderate polluted by PHC, yet the water quality was showing spatial-temporal variations. Taking the estuary of Haibo River as a boundary, it could be found that the waters in the northeast of Haibo River was moderate polluted by PHC, yet waters in the southwest of Haibo River was slight polluted by PHC. The source strengths Haibo River and Licun River were 0.124 mg L and 0.064-0.121 mg L, respectively, both of which were meeting Grade III. Along with the flow direction, PHC contents in waters were diffusing and decreasing. Introduction The increasing of the development and use of petroleum with the rapid increasing of economic and population has been caused many environmental problems, due to the excess PHC in the environment could cause harms to ecosystem and organism. The ocean is the ‘sink’ of various pollutants including PHC, and had been polluted by PHC due to the discharge of PHC-containing waste water and gas [1-5]. Hence, understanding the pollution level and the migration of PHC in marine bay is essential to marine environment protection. Based on investigation data on PHC in 1985, this paper analyzed that content, water quality, source and diffusion of PHC in Jiaozhou Bay, a semi-closed bay in China, and to provide basis for marine environment protection.

Sedimentation process and high sedimentation rate position of Cu in Jiaozhou Bay

Based on investigation data on Cu in surface and bottom waters, we analyzed the horizontal and seasonal variations of Cu in waters in the bay mouth of Jiaozhou Bay, eastern China in 1984. Results showed that, the seasonal variations of Cu contents in surface and bottom waters were consist that Cu contents were higher in summer than in autumn. In spatial scale, Cu contents in surface waters determined the horizontal distributions in surface and bottom waters were consist or not. In variation scale, the variation ranges of Cu contents in surface and bottom waters were closed in generally. However, in case of Cu was absorbed by marine organism and particulate matters yet the sedimentation rate was low, the distributions of Cu in surface and bottom waters were different. In regional scale, the sedimentation rate and position of Cu in surface waters were determined by sources of Cu.

A research on the vertical migration process and background value of cyanide in Jiaozhou Bay

We analyzed the seasonal variation, horizontal distribution, vertical distribution and background value of cyanide in the bay mouth of Jiaozhou Bay in 1983. Cyanide contents in the bay mouth were changing a lot by means of vertical water’s effect. Cyanide contents in both surface and bottom waters were in orders of summer > autumn > spring. At spatial scale, the horizontal distributions of cyanide in different seasons were consistent, and were decreasing from the inside of the bay mouth to the bay mouth and then the ouside of the bay mouth. At variation scale, the variation ranges of cyanide contents in boto surface and bottom waters were consistent. At vertical scale, the horizontal distributions of cyanide in surface and bottom waters were consistent in case of high cyanide contents, yet were closed in case of low cyanide contents. At region scale, the differences of cyanide contents in surface and bottom waters were determined bay the inputs of cyanide. The seasonal variations and spatial distributions of cyanide were revealing the horizontal water’s effect and vertical water’s effect. The background values of cyanide in the bay were 0.02-0.22 μg L.

Vertical variation and migration of Pb in Jiaozhou Bay waters

Based on the investigation data on Pb in waters in 1984, were analyzed the horizontal distribution, seasonal variation and settling process of Pb in water in the bay mouth of Jiaozhou Bay, eastern China. Results showed that the seasonal variations of Pb contents in surface waters and bottom waters were consist, and were in order of summer > autumn. In spatial scale, the migration and sedimentation distances of Pb were determined bay Pb contents in waters, and the spatial sedimentaion processes could be revealed by the horizontal distributions of Pb. In vertical scale, Pb contents in surface and bottom waters were closed in cased of low Pb contents in waters, while in case of high Pb contents in waters the differences of Pb contents in surface and bottom waters were relative high. In generally, the seasonal variations and vertical distributions of Pb in waters were indicating the horizontal water’s effect and vetical water’s effect, and were reveal the horizontal migration and horizontal sedimentation processes of Pb.

The Disjunction Effect of Marine Bay Mouth to Zn

Dongfang Yang, Danfeng Yang, Fengyou Wang, Sixi Zhu, and Mingzhong Long Research Center for Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guizhou Guiyang, Guizhou Guiyang, China College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guizhou Minzu University, Shanghai, 550025, China College of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, SOA, Qingdao 266033, China dfyang_dfyang@126.com; Corresponding author; wangfy2001@yahoo.com.cn.

Pollution level of volatile phenols in surface water in a bay in Shandong Province, eastern China

This paper analyzed the temporal and spatial distributions of volatile phenols in surface waters in Jiaozhou Bay in 1982. Results showed that the contents of volatile phenols in wet seasons were higher than in dry seasons yet were very low. Ocean current and overland runoff were major sources of volatile phenols in Jiaozhou bay. Ocean is the sink of various pollutants, once the ocean had been polluted, the eco-environmental risks were enormous. Introduction Jiaozhou Bay is a semi-closed bay located in the south of Shandong Province, eastern China (Fig. 1). This bay was surrounded by economic developed cities such as Qingdao, Jiaonan and Jiaozhou. After the reform and opening up, the economic and social development was rapid, yet the emissions of various pollutants were increasing [1]. Phenolic compounds had been widely applied in industries such as coking, coal gas, petroleum refining, chemical industry, iron and steel industry etc [2]; however phenolic compounds were harmful to organism and human health. Volatile phenols were the major index of phenolic compounds in waters, and therefore the monitoring of volatile phenols is essential to the treatment and control of phenolic compounds pollution [3]. In order provided basis for environmental protection and remediation of volatile phenols in Jiaozhou Bay, this paper analyzed the content, pollution level, distribution and source of volatile phenols based on investigation data on volatile phenols in surface waters in 1982. Material and method The data in this paper was provided by North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center. The survey was conducted in April, June, July and October 1982. In April, July and October, five sampling sites namely 083, 084, 121, 122 and 123 were layout; while for June, there were four sampling namely H37, H39, H40 and H41. International Conference on Materials, Environmental and Biological Engineering (MEBE 2015)

A research on the vertical transfer process of Cu in Jiaozhou Bay

Based on the investigation data on Cu in surface and bottom waters in the bay mouth of Jiaozhou Bay in 1983, this paper analyzed the seasonal variations, vertical variations and horizontal distributions of Cu. Cu contents in surface waters in the bay mouth of Jiaozhou Bay in May, September and October 1983 were ranged from 2.47-20.60 μg L -1 , 1.28-4.86 μg L -1 and 0.77-2.28 μg L -1 , and were in order of spring > summer >autumn; while for bottom waters were ranged from 0.86-3.95 μg L -1 , 1.31-1.90 μg L -1 and 0.24-2.00 μg L -1 , and were in order of spring >autumn >summer. The horizontal distributions of Cu in surface and bottom waters were consistent in May and October, while in September were reverse. At Spatial scale, Cu contents in both surface and bottom waters were tending to be decreasing. Once the input of the sources were stop, Cu contents in surface waters were increasing, yet in bottom waters were still decreasing. As time pass by, Cu contents in bottom waters were increasing along with the increasing of Cu contents in surface waters.