Sonali Saha

Antimicrobial activity of different endodontic sealers: An in vitro evaluation

BACKGROUND Microbes are considered as the primary etiological agents in endodontic diseases. The ways of reducing these agents are root canal debridement, antimicrobial irrigants, and antibacterial filling materials. But the complexity of the pulp canal system presents a problem for chemomechanical preparation. One of the factors determining the success of endodontic treatment is the sealing material with a potent bactericidal effect. AIM The aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of endodontic sealers of different bases - in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHOD The antimicrobial activity of three root canal sealers (endomethasone, AH 26, and apexit) was evaluated against seven strains of bacteria at various time intervals using the agar diffusion test. The freshly mixed sealers were placed in prepared wells of agar plates inoculated with the test microorganisms. The plates were incubated for 24, 48, 72 hours, and 7 and 15 days. The mean zones of inhibition were measured. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS All statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 13 statistical software version. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), post-hoc Bonferroni test, and paired t test were performed to reveal the statistical significance. RESULTS Statistically significant zones of bacterial growth inhibition were observed in descending order of antimicrobial activity: endomethasone, AH 26, and apexit. CONCLUSION Zinc oxide eugenol based root canal sealer produced largest inhibitory zones followed in decreasing order by epoxy resin based sealer and least by calcium hydroxide based root canal sealer.

'Metal to resin': a comparative evaluation of conventional band and loop space maintainer with the fiber reinforced composite resin space maintainer in children.

AIMS To compare the clinical efficacy of two space maintainers namely, conventional band and loop and Fiber Reinforced Composite Resin (FRCR) space maintainers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty healthy children, aged 5 to 8 years were selected having at least two deciduous molars in different quadrants indicated for extraction or lost previously. FRCR space maintainer was placed in one quadrant and in the other quadrant band and loop space maintainer was cemented. All the patients were recalled at 1 st, 3 rd, and 6 th months for evaluation of both types of space maintainer. Patient acceptability, time taken, and clinical efficacy was recorded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The observations thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Chi- square test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Patient acceptability was greater in Group I (FRCR) in comparison to Group II (band and loop space maintainer). The time taken by Group I was significantly lower as compared to that of Group II. In Group I, debonding of enamel, composite was the most common complication leading to failure followed by debonding of fiber composite. In Group II, cement loss was the most common complication leading to failure followed by slippage of band and fracture of loop. The success rates of Groups I and Group II weares 63.3% and 36.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION The study concluded that FRCRFiber Reinforced Composite Resin (Ribbond) space maintainers can be considered as viable alternative to the conventional band and loop space maintainers.

Pain Elimination during Injection with Newer Electronic Devices: A Comparative Evaluation in Children.

ABSTRACT Aim: The present study was taken up to clinically evaluate and compare effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) and comfort control syringe (CCS) in various pediatric dental procedures as an alternative to the conventional method of local anesthesia (LA) administration. Materials and methods: Ninety healthy children having at least one deciduous molar tooth indicated for extraction in either maxillary right or left quadrant in age group of 6 to 10 years were randomly divided into three equal groups having 30 subjects each. Group I: LA administration using conventional syringe, group II: LA administration using TENS along with the conventional syringe, group III: LA administration using CCS. After LA by the three techniques, pain, anxiety and heart rate were measured. Statistical analysis: The observations, thus, obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA), student t-test and paired t-test. Results: The mean pain score was maximum in group I followed by group II, while group III revealed the minimum pain, where LA was administered using CCS. Mean anxiety score was maximum in group I followed by group II, while group III revealed the minimum score. Mean heart rate was maximum in group I followed in descending order by groups II and III. Conclusion: The study supports the belief that CCS could be a viable alternative in comparison to the other two methods of LA delivery in children. How to cite this article: Bansal N, Saha S, Jaiswal JN, Samadi F. Pain Elimination during Injection with Newer Electronic Devices: A Comparative Evaluation in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(2):71-76.

Dental and skeletal maturity- a biological indicator of chronologic age.

INTRODUCTION Precise evaluation of the developmental stage of a child is not only an integral part of both diagnosis and treatment of paediatric patients; it is also essential in Forensic Medicine and Dentistry. Physiologic age can be estimated by somatic, sexual, skeletal and dental maturity. AIM Investigate the relationship between the dental age (DA) and skeletal age (SA) of children and comparing it with the chronological age (CA). MATERIALS AND METHODS The dental age estimation methods of Schour and Massler (S&M), and Demirjian and Goldstien (D&G) and skeletal assessment methods of Greulich and Pyle (G&P), and Tanner et al., (TW2) were used to analyze the orthopantomograms and hand-wrist radiographs respectively of 150 healthy subjects within the age range of 5-15 y and compared with the Chronological Age. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data collected was statistically analysed using the SPSS version 15.0 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Software. For all tests p-value of <0.05 were considered statistically significance. RESULTS Dental age estimation techniques were found comparable and equally reliable as the skeletal age estimation methods. Strong correlations between dental and skeletal maturation were demonstrated.

A Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Obturation Techniques used in Root Canal Treatment of Anterior Teeth: An in vitro Study.

ABSTRACT Aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate the percentage of gutta-percha-filled area (PGFA) using microscopic analysis of the cross-sections in the apical third of root canals when filled either with Thermafil technique, Warm Vertical Condensation technique and Cold Lateral Condensation technique without using sealers. Materials and methods: Sixty single rooted extracted per-manent teeth were collected. After crown amputation, the teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 20 specimens each. Group I–Thermafil obturation technique, group II–warm vertical condensation obturation technique and group III–cold lateral condensation obturation technique. Obturation was performed by specific techniques without using sealers. After obturation, the teeth were cross-sectioned horizontally at 2 to 3 mm from apex with the help of double sided diamond disk. Sections were digitally photographed and measured under Stereomicroscope at magnification of 50×. Using a KS 100 imaging system the area of canals and the gutta-percha was recorded, also the percentage of gutta-percha filled area (PGFA) was calculated. The observations thus ob-tained were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and student ‘t’ test. Results: Maximum group difference was observed between groups I and III (3.558 ± 0.138) while minimum difference was observed between groups I and II (1.223 ± 0.137). Thus, all the between group differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: This study supports the belief that the Thermafil Obturation technique produces significantly higher percentage of gutta-percha filled area (PGFA) than the warm vertical condensation technique or cold lateral condensation technique. How to cite this article: Samadi F, Jaiswal JN, Saha S, Garg N, Chowdhary S, Samadi F, Tripathi VP. A Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Obturation Techniques used in Root Canal Treatment of Anterior Teeth: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(1):1-5.

Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide–amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate on Artificial Carious Lesions: An in vitro Study

Aim To compare new remineralizing agents calcium sodium phosphosilicate paste and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste with that of fluoridated toothpaste in remineralization of early carious lesions using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis. Materials and methods Sixty sound extracted premolars were collected and placed in demineralizing solution for 4 days to produce artificial carious lesions. All specimens were evaluated for any loss of mineral content using SEM-EDX analysis. Samples were randomly assigned to three groups: Group I: Fluoridated toothpaste (control), group II: CPP-ACP paste, and group III: Calcium sodium phosphosilicate paste. Specimens were then treated with above-mentioned remineralizing agents and again measured for mineral content using SEM-EDX analysis. Results Group III (calcium sodium phosphosilicate paste) showed highest significant difference followed in descending order by group II (CPP-ACP paste) and group I (fluoridated toothpaste). Conclusion Calcium sodium phosphosilicate paste showed maximum remineralizing potential compared with CPP-ACP and fluoridated toothpastes. How to cite this article Chaudhary I, Tripathi AM, Yadav G, Saha S. Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate on Artificial Carious Lesions: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(3):261-266.

Effect of Saliva on the Tensile Bond Strength of Different Generation Adhesive Systems: An In-Vitro Study

BACKGROUND Newer development of bonding agents have gained a better understanding of factors affecting adhesion of interface between composite and dentin surface to improve longevity of restorations. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the influence of salivary contamination on the tensile bond strength of different generation adhesive systems (two-step etch-and-rinse, two-step self-etch and one-step self-etch) during different bonding stages to dentin where isolation is not maintained. MATERIALS AND METHODS Superficial dentin surfaces of 90 extracted human molars were randomly divided into three study Groups (Group A: Two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system; Group B: Two-step self-etch adhesive system and Group C: One-step self-etch adhesive system) according to the different generation of adhesives used. According to treatment conditions in different bonding steps, each Group was further divided into three Subgroups containing ten teeth in each. After adhesive application, resin composite blocks were built on dentin and light cured subsequently. The teeth were then stored in water for 24 hours before sending for testing of tensile bond strength by Universal Testing Machine. The collected data were then statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. RESULTS One-step self-etch adhesive system revealed maximum mean tensile bond strength followed in descending order by Two-step self-etch adhesive system and Two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system both in uncontaminated and saliva contaminated conditions respectively. CONCLUSION Unlike One-step self-etch adhesive system, saliva contamination could reduce tensile bond strength of the two-step self-etch and two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system. Furthermore, the step of bonding procedures and the type of adhesive seems to be effective on the bond strength of adhesives contaminated with saliva.

Recent vs Conventional Methods of Caries Removal: A Comparative in vivo Study in Pediatric Patients.

ABSTRACT Aims: To compare the three different methods of caries removal, conventional method using Airotor and chemomechanical method using Carisolv and Papacarie. Settings and design: The patients with multiple carious teeth were selected either in the deciduous dentition or mixed dentition. Ninety primary molars were selected from 30 children (10 males and 20 females) between the age group 6 and 9 years. Materials and methods: After caries excavation, cavities were evaluated for caries removal or clinical efficacy by the tactile and visual criteria, microbiological efficacy, time taken for the procedure. Patient acceptability toward the treatment was also checked with the help of a visual analog scale (VAS). The observations thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The clinical efficacy of caries removal was highest with Airotor while the microbiological efficacy of caries removal was almost comparable with Airotor, Carisolv and Papacarie caries removal methods. The time taken to remove caries by Airotor method was observed to be least while the patient acceptance was found to be highest with Papacarie method. How to cite this article: Chowdhry S, Saha S, Samadi F, Jaiswal JN, Garg A, Chowdhry P. Recent vs Conventional Methods of Caries Removal: A Comparative in vivo Study in Pediatric Patients. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(1):6-11.

A Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Different Chemical Solvents on the Shear Bond Strength of Glass Fiber reinforced Post to Core Material.

ABSTRACT% Aim: To compare the effect of different chemical solvents on glass fiber reinforced posts and to study the effect of these solvents on the shear bond strength of glass fiber reinforced post to core material. Materials and methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three chemical solvents, i.e. silane coupling agent, 6% H2O2 and 37% phosphoric acid on the shear bond strength of glass fiber post to a composite resin restorative material. The changes in post surface characteristics after different treatments were also observed, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and shear bond strength was analyzed using universal testing machine (UTM). Results: Surface treatment with hydrogen peroxide had greatest impact on the post surface followed by 37% phosphoric acid and silane. On evaluation of the shear bond strength, 6% H2O2 exhibited the maximum shear bond strength followed in descending order by 37% phosphoric acid and silane respectively. Conclusion: The surface treatment of glass fiber post enhances the adhesion between the post and composite resin which is used as core material. Failure of a fiber post and composite resin core often occurs at the junction between the two materials. This failure process requires better characterization. How to cite this article: Sharma A, Samadi F, Jaiswal JN, Saha S. A Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Different Chemical Solvents on the Shear Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Reinforced Post to Core Material. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(3):192-196.

Applicability of different mixed dentition analysis in Lucknow population

Aims: The aim of this study was to test the reliability of Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston method of mixed dentition analysis among Lucknow population and also derive a linear regression equation that would predict sum of mesiodistal widths of upper and lower canines and premolars for both sexes. Setting and Design: Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston mixed dentition space analysis were developed from a sample of North European descent children. Hence, it becomes questionable when applied to individuals with different ethnic origin. Materials and Methods: Actual mesiodistal widths of permanent upper and lower incisors, canines, and premolars were recorded on 100 dental casts for both sexes using digital Vernier caliper nearest of 0.02 mm. Predicted values of mesiodistal widths of permanent upper and lower canines and premolars were obtained using Moyers probability analysis at the 75th percentile and Tanaka-Johnston method. Both actual and predicted values for both sexes were put to statistical evaluation using student “t” test and unpaired “t” test. Results: Differences between the actual and predicted values of upper and lower permanent canines and premolars were statistically significant in both sexes (P < 0.05) for both Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston mixed dentition analysis. Four linear regression, equations were developed for both sexes to predict mesiodistal widths of erupting upper and lower permanent canines and premolars using the lower incisors. No significant difference was observed when the regression equations were applied. Conclusion: Predictions from linear regression equations matched well with the data obtained from the samples of the present study for both males and females of Lucknow population.