Sônia Machado Rocha Ribeiro

Perfil socioeconômico, nutricional e de saúde de adolescentes recém-ingressos em uma universidade pública brasileira

The objective of this work was to describe the socioeconomic, nutritional and health profile of adolescents recently admitted to a Brazilian public university. The behavioral variables were obtained by interview, the body fat percentage (BF%) by the sum of the four skinfold thicknesses and the nutritional status by body mass index. Most of the students were female (57.3%), lived away from their families (89.8%), drank alcohol (73.5%), skipped a main meal (57.3%) and rejected one or more types of vegetables (79.5%). About 57.0% did not practice any physical activity and 7.0% smoked. About 72.0% and 25.0%, respectively, consumed vegetable and fruit five times or over during the week. The eutrophic subjects predominated, but 58.7% of them presented a high BF%. The results showed that a considerable number of the subjects lived away from their families and had inadequate body composition and feeding behavior, besides other risks to their health, such as alcohol drinking and physical inactivity.

Optimization of methodology to analyze ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid in vegetables

In this study, different solutions to extract vitamin C were tested. High-performance liquid chromatography was chosen and the conditions were based on isocratic elution in reverse phase column. Dehydroascorbic acid was determined indirectly after its reduction using dithiothreitol. The use of metaphosphoric acid to stabilize the vitamin C was shown to be required and it was necessary to neutralize the pH of the extract to apply dithiothreitol. The average recovery was 90% in collard and tomato samples. The presence of oil did not interfere in extraction and the methodology can be used to analyze stir fried vegetables.

Anemia ferropriva em crianças de 6 a 12 meses atendidas na rede pública de saúde do município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais

This study aimed at verifying the prevalence of anemia in 6 to 12-month-old infantsattended at the public health service of the city of Vicosa, state of Minas Gerais, and analyzing some possible risk factors. Information was obtained through questionnaire applied to those responsible for the infants and through the verification of the anthropometric measures and the hemoglobin dosage by portable hemoglobinometer. In diagnosing anemia, a 11g/dL cutoff point was used. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in a total of 204 infants reached 60.8%, and 55.6% of the cases of anemia were serious. The hemoglobin average was 9.28±1.07 mg/dL in anemic infants, and 12.07± 0.89 mg/dL in non-anemic ones. The fathers low school level and the mothers age showed statistical association with anemia (p<0.05). A high prevalence and severity of the anemia was found, emphasizing the need for prevention and control of this disease in the city of Vicosa.

A Promoção da Saúde e a Prevenção Integrada dos Fatores de Risco para Doenças Cardiovasculares

Cardiovascular diseases are currently the most common causes of morbimortality worldwide. In the context of disease prevention, actions creating favorable health environments and promoting healthy choices prove fundamental. Intervention programs with a community basis have been introduced in different countries since the beginning of the 1970s, aiming to modify cardiovascular risk factors and decrease morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. In such experiences, the importance of public policies and cardiovascular risk vigilance systems needs to be stressed, permitting a more accurate assessment of the magnitude of the problem and the development of more cost-effective actions. The scope of this bibliographical study was to describe community-geared experiences in many countries in the campaign against cardiovascular diseases through health promotion and primary prevention of risk factors, as well as to identify in Brazil the vigilance actions of the risk factors of non-transmissible chronic diseases, stressing the strategic challenges facing the Family Health Program in tackling cardiovascular diseases.

Flaxseed and Human Health: Reviewing Benefits and Adverse Effects

Consumption of flaxseed has been increased due to its possible functional properties in health. However, its chronic consumption may offer risks considering the effects of lignans in men and in pregnant women, as well as the existence of other phytochemicals and toxic factors with adverse health effects in the seed. The present review focuses on the growing body of evidence on the potential health benefits of flaxseed in humans, with supporting evidence from human and animal studies. It also raises questions that provide input for future research on the effects of flaxseed ingestion in terms of nutrient bioavailability and human fertility.

Anemia ferropriva e estado nutricional de crianças com idade de 12 a 60 meses do município de Viçosa, MG

Este estudo transversal abrangeu criancas com idade de 12 a 60 meses assistidas pelo servico publico de saude do municipio de Vicosa, objetivando avaliar a prevalencia de anemia e anemia grave, e a relacao entre o estado nutricional e a anemia ferropriva, nessas criancas. Para o diagnostico de anemia, foi utilizado o b-hemoglobinometro (Hemocue), considerando o ponto de corte proposto pela Organizacao Mundial da Saude de 11,0 g/dL para anemia, e para a anemia grave considerou-se 9,5g/dL. Das 171 criancas atendidas, 63,2% estavam anemicas e 43,5% destas apresentavam anemia grave. Analisando o estado nutricional, encontrou-se uma alta porcentagem de criancas desnutridas, sendo considerados os indices de peso/idade, peso/estatura e estatura/idade (11,7%, 7,0% e 5,8%, respectivamente). Observou-se alta prevalencia de anemia entre as faixas etarias mais precoces. Nao foi verificada associacao entre anemia e estado nutricional. Torna-se, portanto, necessario trabalhar de forma preventiva a anemia, bem como alertar os profissionais da area de saude quanto ao diagnostico precoce, profilaxia e tratamento.This cross sectional study included children aged 12 to 60 months attended by the public health service in the city of Vicosa, state of Minas Gerais. The objective was to evaluate the prevalences of anemia and serious anemia, the hemoglobin levels and the relation between nutritional status and iron deficiency anemia in these children. For the diagnosis of anemia, (Hemocue) was used, and the cutoff point of 11.0 g/dL proposed by the World Health Organization for anemia, and was adopted serious anemia, was adopted 9,5g/dL. A total of 171 children was evaluated; 62.2% were anemic and 43.5% of these were seriously anemic. Analyzing the nutritional status, a high percentage of under nourished children was found, according to the indexes weight/age, weight/height and height/age (11.7%, 7.0% and 5.8%, respectively). A high prevalence of anemia was observed among the earlier groups. No association was verified between anemia and nutritional status. Therefore, it is necessary to work towards anemia prevention and to alert the health professionals to an early diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment.

Carotenoids and Vitamin C during Handling and Distribution of Guava (Psidium guajava L.), Mango (Mangifera indica L.), and Papaya (Carica papaya L.) at Commercial Restaurants.

The content and stability of vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA, and dehydroascorbic acid, DHA) and carotenoids (beta-carotene, lycopene, and beta-cryptoxanthin) were analyzed in papaya, mango, and guava after the reception, preparation (cleaning, peeling, and slicing), and distribution stages for consumption in a commercial restaurant. The analysis of carotenoids and vitamin C was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fruits analyzed were considered excellent sources of vitamin C and carotenoids. There were no significant differences in the vitamin C and carotenoids content during the different fruit handling stages at the commercial restaurant, which demonstrates the excellent stability of the components under the usual handling conditions employed. The results show that customers of the commercial restaurant are directly benefitted since the nutritional quality of the fruits was preserved during all of the handling and distribution periods.

Resistência à insulina e componentes da síndrome metabólica, análise por sexo e por fase da adolescência

OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of metabolic syndrome components in insulin resistance, by gender and adolescence phase. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We evaluated biochemical, clinical, lifestyle and body composition data of 800 adolescents from 10 to 19 years old, from both genders, from Viçosa, MG/Brasil, and there was the division by stage: early (10 to 13 years), intermediate (14 to 16 years) and late (17 to 19 years). RESULTS 10.3 and 3.4% had, respectively, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. In the initial phase there was a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and intermediate hyperuricemia and excess body fat. Females had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, excess body fat and insulin resistance and higher male prevalence of low HDL, hyperuricemia and blood pressure changes. Those from the initial phase had higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose and waist/hip ratio, stayed less time sitting and had more meals (p < 0.05) in relation to other phases. The final model, adjusted for gender, was different for each phase of adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance is associated with inadequate body composition, in biochemical levels and lifestyle, being the factors associated different in each phase of adolescence.Objective: To analyze the influence of metabolic syndrome components in insulin resistance, by gender and adolescence phase. Subjects and methods: We evaluated biochemical, clinical, lifestyle and body composition data of 800 adolescents from 10 to 19 years old, from both genders, from Vicosa, MG/Brasil, and there was the division by stage: early (10 to 13 years), intermediate (14 to 16 years) and late (17 to 19 years). Results: 10.3 and 3.4% had, respectively, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. In the initial phase there was a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and intermediate hyperuricemia and excess body fat. Females had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, excess body fat and insulin resistance and higher male prevalence of low HDL, hyperuricemia and blood pressure changes. Those from the initial phase had higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose and waist/hip ratio, stayed less time sitting and had more meals (p < 0.05) in relation to other phases. The final model, adjusted for gender, was different for each phase of adolescence. Conclusions: Insulin resistance is associated with inadequate body composition, in biochemical levels and lifestyle, being the factors associated different in each phase of adolescence. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(6):610-8

Alterações no padrão alimentar de adolescentes com adequação pôndero-estatural e elevado percentual de gordura corporal

OBJECTIVES: alterations in the feeding patterns of adolescents as related to weight-height adequacy and high body fat percentage (%BF). METHODS: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 99 adolescents, 70% females. The body mass index was applied to diagnose weight-height adequacy, according to the cut-off point established by the World Health Organization. %BF was obtained by the sum of skinfolds, according to Durnin and Rahaman, considering the values >25% (females) and >20% (males) high. A questionnaire was applied to investigate the feeding pattern. RESULTS: the median of daily meals was four. Dinner was the most skipped main meal, however, the majority replaced it by a snack. Skipping dinner and having a snack in the afternoon were more common among girls (p <0.01). About 11% skipped breakfast. In the last years, meal frequency and food intake, except for vegetables, were reduced by the majority. On weekends, about 81% and 31% of the adolescents, respectively, modified the fat and sugar class and the vegetable class intake, consuming more sweets, fat foods and less vegetables. The most rejected food class consisted of vegetable. About 40.5% used diet/light food. CONCLUSIONS: despite the weight-height adequacy and apparent concern related to weight control, these adolescents are under nutritional risk because of the high %BF and important feeding inadequacies.

Sensory evaluation and nutritional value of cakes prepared with whole flaxseed flour

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value, the oxidative stabilitiy, and consumer acceptance of cakes containing four different concentrations of flaxseed flour (5, 15, 30 and 45%) as partial replacement for wheat flour. The oxidative stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids was evaluated through the lipid peroxidation test (TBARS) in the flour and cakes. Linolenic acid was determined by gas chromatography as well as contents of protein, lipid, ash, and dietary fiber. Consumer acceptance was assessed using a structured hedonic scale of nine points. The oxidative stability of lipid flaxseeds was not affected by the heat treatment during flour processing and cake baking. Cakes made with 5, 15, and 30% of flaxseed flour, the most accepted by consumers, had dietary fiber levels ranging from 3.5 to 6.2 g and linolenic acid ranging from 445 to 2,500 mg.100 g –1 of the product. The cakes received claims of good and excellent source of dietary fiber and linolenic acid, respectively, both are bioactive compounds. The use of up to 30% of flaxseed flour in the preparation of cakes is a useful strategy to optimize the consumption of food rich in functional ingredients.