Sonu Acharya

Salivary IgA and dental caries in HIV patients: A pilot study

INTRODUCTION The interrelationship of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and dental caries, as well as Salivary IgA (S-IgA) level, appear to remain underexplored while a manual and electronic search of the literature was made. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the relationship of S-IgA and dental caries status in HIV +ve children. AIM The aim of this study was to find out the relationship of S-IgA antibody with dental caries by measuring the concentration of IgA in saliva of HIV +ve and HIV -ve children and to determine the dental caries status in HIV +ve and HIV -ve children, which may help in treatment planning and prevention of the same. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight HIV +ve children aged between 6 and 14 years and 28 age matched HIV -ve children were included in this study, and both samples were randomly selected from the same nongovernmental organization (NGO). The HIV status of both these samples was confirmed from their medical records provided by the NGO. 2 cc of unstimulated saliva was collected from both groups in special tubes coded numerically using the method described by Collins and Dawes, and the samples were analyzed to measure the concentration of IgA using commercially available ELISA kit (DRG Diagnostics, Germany). Examination of dental caries was carried out according to the WHO criteria (1997) using a flat mouth mirror and Community periodontal index (CPI) probe. RESULTS In HIV +ve group, mean salivary IgA level was calculated as 81.61 ± 6.20 μg/ml, mean decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) was 3.86 ± 3.37, mean decayed, extracted and filled teeth (deft) was 4.75 ± 2.86. In HIV -ve group, the mean salivary IgA level was calculated as 145.57 ±17.83 μg/ml, mean DMFT was 2.54 ± 0.69, mean deft was 2.43 ± 2.01. Strong -ve correlation between S-IgA and DMFT (r = -0.781, t = 6.38, P < 0.001) and negative, but not significant correlation (r = -0.19, t = 0.99, P > 0.05) between S-IgA and deft was found in HIV +ve group. Strong -ve correlation between S-IgA and DMFT (r = -0.655, t = 4.42, P < 0.001), S-IgA and deft (r = -0.942, t = 14.32, P < 0.001) was found in HIV -ve group. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the individuals, who are suffering from IgA deficiency in general, are more susceptible to dental caries than normal individuals.

Non-syndromic hypo-hyperdontia in the mandibular anterior region with absence of all four-third molars - A rarity

Numeric disturbances in the human dentition are quite a common occurrence in the general population. When less than the normal complement of teeth develops, it is termed as hypodontia, whereas hyperdontia is a condition with an excess number of teeth developing. Therefore, though both conditions manifest as changes in the number of teeth, they represent the opposite ends of the spectrum in the development of the dentition. The literature contains numerous reports of the exclusive occurrence of these anomalies; however coexistent oligodontia, hypodontia, and supernumerary teeth or hyperdontia is a rare manifestation of the human dentition.

Facial talon cusp in a mesiodens: A rare occurrence

Supernumerary teeth are the ones which are extra in comparison to the normal dentition. The most common type of supernumerary, which is reported is mesiodens which is seen between maxillary central incisors. The supernumerary teeth may be associated with a syndrome or can be seen in nonsyndromic cases too. Talon cusp also known as Eagle′s Talon is an accessory cusp like structure or an extra cusp on an anterior tooth, which is usually present in the palatal aspect of teeth. The association of mesiodens with a talon cusp is a rare occurrence itself. Here, we report a case of a facial talon cusp in a mesiodens in an 8-year-old male child, which is quite rare.

Bilateral Molariform Mandibular Second Premolars

Macrodontia is a rare dental anomaly that refers to teeth that appear larger than normal. Generalised macrodontia can be associated with certain medical conditions and syndromes. This case report presents clinical and radiographic findings of isolated bilateral macrodontia in a 14-year-old child. The patient was referred to the clinic with local crowding of maxillary and mandibular teeth. Radiographic findings revealed the presence of impacted macrodont mandibular second premolar on one side and erupted macrodontic premolar on the other side and their distinct morphological appearance, characterized by large, multitubercular, and molariform crowns and tapering, single roots.

Oro-facial-digital syndrome Type 1: A case report

Oro-Facial Digital Syndrome (OFDS) is a generic term for group of apparently distinctive genetic diseases that affect the development of the oral cavity, facial features, and digits. One of these is OFDS type I (OFDS-I) which has rarely been reported in Asian countries. This is the case report of a 13 year old patient with OFDS type I who reported to the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, with the complaint of discolored upper front teeth.

Single canal in a single-rooted mandibular second molar: An enigma

The case report here tries to describe the variation of root canal anatomy in a second mandibular molar, which is rare in occurrence in literature. This case report presents a relatively rare case of mandibular second molar with single root and a single root canal in a 45-year-old female patient who had come to dental clinic with a complain of pain in the left lower tooth region. Ambiguity in the canal morphology of the second molar is quite common. Knowledge of variations in internal anatomy of teeth is important for success in endodontic treatment. Root canal morphology is limitless in its variability and clinicians must be aware that anatomic variations constitute a formidable challenge to endodontic success. Hence, clinicians have to take utmost care when these cases with single canal and single root come to clinic.

Salivary IgA versus HIV and Dental Caries

INTRODUCTION The inter-relationship of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and dental caries as well as Salivary Immunoglobulin-A (S-IgA) level appear to remain under explored while a manual and electronic search of the literature was made. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the relationship of S-IgA and dental caries status in HIV positive children. AIM The aim of this study was to find out the relationship of S-IgA antibody with dental caries by measuring the concentration of IgA in saliva of HIV positive and negative children and determine the dental caries status in HIV positive and HIV negative children, which may help in treatment planning and prevention of the same. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 28 HIV positive children aged between 6-14 years and 28 age matched HIV negative children were included in this study and both samples were randomly selected from the same Non-Governmental Organization (NGO). The HIV status of both these samples was confirmed from their medical records provided by the NGO. Only 2cc of unstimulated saliva was collected from both groups in special tubes coded numerically using the method described by Collins and Dawes and the samples were analyzed to measure the concentration of IgA using commercially available ELISA kit (DRG Diagnostics, Germany). Examination of dental caries was carried out according to WHO criteria (1997) using a flat mouth mirror and CPI probe. RESULTS In HIV +ve group mean S-IgA level was calculated as 81.61 ± 6.20 μg/ml, mean DMFT was 3.86 ± 3.37, mean deft was 4.75 ± 2.86. In HIV -ve group mean S-IgA level was calculated as 145.57 ± 17.83μg/ml, mean DMFT was 2.54 ± 0.69, mean deft was 2.43 ± 2.01. Strong-ve correlation between S-IgA and DMFT (r = -0.781, t = 6.38, p < 0.001) and negative but Not Significant (N.S.) correlation (r = -0.19, t = 0.99, p > 0.05) between S-IgA and deft was found in HIV +ve group. Strong -ve correlation between S-IgA and DMFT (r = -0.655, t = 4.42, p < 0.001), S-IgA and deft (r = -0.942, t =14.32, p=<0.001) was found in HIV-ve group. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the individuals who are suffering from IgA deficiency in general, are more susceptible to dental caries than normal individuals.

Hallermann Streiff Syndrome-The Oral Manifestations in a Child

Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) is a rare genetic disorder that is primarily characterized by distinctive malformations of the skull and facial region, sparse hair, eye abnormalities, dental defects, atrophic skin changes and a proportionate short stature. Here we discuss a case of 9 years-old female child who presented with abnormal facial features, dental problems and associated cardiac problems.