Sreenivasulu Reddy

Histomorphometric and sympathetic innervation of the human internal thoracic artery

INTRODUCTION: Internal thoracic artery (ITA) is an established arterial graft for the coronary artery by‐pass surgery. Special micro‐anatomical features of the ITA wall may protect it from age related pathological changes. One of the complications seen after coronary artery bypass grafting is vasospasm. Sympathetic nerves may be involved in vasospasm. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the sympathetic innervation of the internal thoracic artery and to assess the effect of aging on this artery by histomorphometry. METHOD: Fifty‐four human internal thoracic artery samples were collected from 27 cadavers (19 male and 8 female) with ages of 19 to 83 years. Samples were divided into three age groups: G1, 19–40 years; G2, 41–60 years; G3, ≥61 years. Sections (thickness 5 µm) of each sample were taken and stained with hematoxylin–eosin and Verhoeff–Van Gieson stains. Five of fifty‐four samples were processed for tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining. RESULTS: The thickness of the tunica intima was found to be constant in all age groups, whereas the thickness of the tunica media decreased in proportion to age. Verhoeff–Van Gieson staining showed numerous elastic laminae in the tunica media. Significant differences (p<0.0001) in the number of elastic laminae were found between G1 with G2 cadavers, between G2 and G3 cadavers and between G3 and G1 cadavers. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining demonstrated sympathetic fibers, located mainly in the tunica adventitia and the adventitia–media border. The sympathetic nerve fiber area and sympathetic index were found to be 0.0016 mm2 and 0.012, respectively. DISCUSSION: Histology of the ITA showed features of the elastic artery. This may be associated with lower incidence of Atherosclerosis or intimal hyperplasia in ITA samples even in elderly cases. Low sympathetic index (0.012) of ITA may be associated with fewer incidences of sympathetic nervous systems problems (vasospasm) of the ITA. CONCLUSION: Sympathetic nerve fibers are present in the adventitia of the internal thoracic artery. This is an elastic artery, although anatomically it is considered to be medium‐sized. The sympathetic index may be used for analysis of sympathetic nerve fiber‐related problems of the internal thoracic artery.

Absence of Inferior Gluteal Artery: A Rare Observation

La region glutea es una importante area anatomica y clinica, la cual contiene musculos y vitales elementos neurovasculares. Estos ultimos son importantes por razones clinicas y morfologicas. En este trabajo describimos un raro caso de ausencia de la arteria glutea inferior. Encontramos tambien que la arteria glutea superior tenia su origen en la division anterior de la arteria iliaca interna. Las estructuras irrigadas normalmente por la arteria glutea inferior estaban irrigadas por una rama que se originaba de la arteria glutea superior. Son discutidos el desarrollo y el significado clinico de esta variacion anatomica

Cyamella en el hombre, su morfología y revisión de la literatura

Un hueso sesamoideo es un pequeno hueso incrustado en una capsula articular o tendon. Observamos un raro hueso sesamoideo (cyamella) en el musculo popliteo de un cadaver de un hombre de 48 anos de edad. Ademas, revisamos la literatura relacionada y las funciones probables y se discute su morfologia y significacion clinica

A Common Trunk of Origin of the Right Testicular and Middle Suprarenal Arteries with a Retrocaval Course

A common trunk of origin of the right testicular and middle suprarenal arteries with a retrocaval course was observed during the dissection of a male cadaver. The Common trunk (CT) arose from the anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta (AA) at the level of the right renal artery (RRA) and after a short course behind the inferior vena cava (IVC), the CT divided into right testicular and middle suprarenal arteries. The middle suprarenal artery (MSA) passed upwards behind the IVC to the right suprarenal gland. The right testicular artery (RTA) descended posterior to the RRA and anterior to the IVC. It then continued on its normal route distally with the right testicular vein. The awareness of such variations of testicular and middle suprarenal arteries and their unusual origin and course might complicate the interpretation of angiograms and surgical procedures in the posterior abdominal area.

Design and development of M3SS: A Soil Sensor Node for precision agriculture

To meet the growing demand of food and other agriculture dependent commodities, crop producers in whole world are putting extra efforts to raise the production. They utilize chemicals, supplements, agro machinery, and special techniques without understanding the basic needs of soil ecosystem. It hampers the soil in long term conditions. Therefore to understand the actual needs of soil real time sensing and monitoring is the foremost requirement for producers. The Multi-mode, Multi-parameter, Multi-application Soil Sensing (M3SS) Sensor Node is proposed for real time soil sensing and monitoring. M3SS works in 3 different modes, with the help of which, it gives necessary alerts and advices to farmers for increasing crop yields. Various algorithms such as event-based algorithm, data compression algorithm and dynamic duty scheduled energy efficient algorithm have been used in the development of M3SS node. The validation of hardware and software solution of proposed M3SS node is done in terms data acquisition, calibration, efficient data processing and data transmission for the deployment of M3SS in real time location scenarios. The M3SS nodes sensed reading are compared with chemical soil testing method. The M3SS node is also compared with other nodes in terms of current consumption, cost etc.