Sri Rachmania Juliastuti

Bioremediation of soil contaminated with native polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from unburnt coal using an in-vessel composting method

ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to investigate the removal of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) listed as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA-PAHs) that are found in coal-contaminated soil during simulated in-vessel composting. Contaminated soil (S) was mixed with green waste (W) in the ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 under neutral and acidic soil conditions in laboratory-scale composting reactors. The highest removal efficiency of total 16 USEPA-PAHs (71.88%) was observed in S:W ratio of 1:1 and neutral soil treatment with the removal rate constant of 0.0106 day−1. Results found that the S:W ratio significantly influenced the removal of PAHs during composting but not the initial soil pH. The results of this research suggest that composting is a feasible and appropriate technology to remediate soil contaminated by coal-native PAH.

Biodegradation of Soils Contaminated with Naphthalene in Petroleum Hydrocarbons Using Bioslurry Reactors

Soil contaminated with naphthalene by the activities of exploration, production and disposal of petroleum waste into the environment causes serious damage to ecosystems environment. This is the target of processing by the bacteria as a model for remediation of soil contaminated with naphthalene. Thus, the study was focused on naphthalene biodegradation in soil contaminated with polyaromatic hydrocarbons with measurement parameters: the bacterial growth and dissolved oxygen. The research was conducted in a slurry bioreactor with soil to water ratio of 20:80 (%wt) with the addition of a consortia of Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida bacteria with a concentration of 10% (v/v) and 15% (v/v). The slurry bioreactor was aerated, stirred with stirring of 100 rpm and temperature range of 26°C – 35°C. Naphthalene residue in petroleum hydrocarbons were measured using GC-MS. The result of identification with naphthalene initial concentration of 115.646 ng/uL, after 49 days of incubation for bacterial consortium 10% (v/v) with a bacteria ratio 3:2; 1:1; 2:3; and control showed the reduction to 33.77 ng/uL; 0.77 ng/uL; 10.28 ng/uL and 23.88 ng/uL, respectively with biodegradation percentages of 70.80%; 99.33%; 91.11%; and 79.35%. As for the bacterial consortium 15% (v/v) with the same ratio and control, the naphthalene concentration was reduced to 0.31 ng/uL; 0.19 ng/uL; 5.12 ng/uL and 23.88 ng/uL, respectively and biodegradation percentages of 99.73%; 99.84%; 95.57%; and 79.35%. This finding shows that percentage of crude low degraded considering the concentration crude oil increased.

Microwave pyrolysis of multilayer plastic waste (LDPE) using zeolite catalyst

To overcome the problem of garbage, especially plastic waste, environmental experts and scholars from various disciplines have conducted various studies and actions. One way to degrade the multilayer packaging plastic waste LDPE (Low Density Poliethylene) with microwave pyrolysis process by using natural zeolite catalysts. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of temperature and time of microwave pyrolysis process by using natural zeolite catalyst to degrade the plastic waste LDPE and compare them. Pyrolysis process was done by using a closed glass reactor with a capacity of 500 ml, operated at a pressure of 1 atm and flowed nitrogen 0.5 1 / min. Plastic waste was LDPE, and natural zeolite was used as its catalyst. Sample was heated at temperature 300, 400, 500 or 550 °C and was kept during time variables of 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes. Liquid product was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), raw material was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and solid product was analyzed by X-Ray Fluorescene (XRF). From the experimental resulted in the best yield products of pyrolisis using natural zeolite at 550 °C and 90 minutes was 2.88 % of solid yield, 28.12 % of liquid yield and the highest hydrocarbon concentration of 19.02 %.To overcome the problem of garbage, especially plastic waste, environmental experts and scholars from various disciplines have conducted various studies and actions. One way to degrade the multilayer packaging plastic waste LDPE (Low Density Poliethylene) with microwave pyrolysis process by using natural zeolite catalysts. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of temperature and time of microwave pyrolysis process by using natural zeolite catalyst to degrade the plastic waste LDPE and compare them. Pyrolysis process was done by using a closed glass reactor with a capacity of 500 ml, operated at a pressure of 1 atm and flowed nitrogen 0.5 1 / min. Plastic waste was LDPE, and natural zeolite was used as its catalyst. Sample was heated at temperature 300, 400, 500 or 550 °C and was kept during time variables of 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes. Liquid product was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), raw material was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and solid p...

Study utilization of extractable petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation waste as the main material for making solid fuels

Nowadays the existence of energy sources of oil and was limited. Therefore, it was important to searching for new innovations of renewable energy sources by utilizing the waste into a source of energy. On the other hand, the process of extractable petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation generated sludge that had calorific value and untapped. Because of the need for alternative sources of energy innovation with the concept of zero waste and the fuel potential from extractable petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation waste, so it was necessary to study the use of extractable petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation waste as the main material for making solid fuel. In addition, sawdust is a waste that had a great quantities and also had a high calorific value to be mixed with extractable petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the extractable petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation waste and to determine the potential and a combination of a mixture...

Biogas production from pretreated coffee-pulp waste by mixture of cow dung and rumen fluid in co-digestion

Coffee is an excellent commodity in Indonesia that has big problem in utilizing its wastes. As the solution, the abundant coffee pulp waste from processing of coffee bean industry has been used as a substrate of biogas production. Coffee pulp waste (CPW) was approximately 48% of total weight, consisting 42% of the coffee pulp and 6% of the seed coat. CPW holds good composition as biogas substrate that is consist of cellulose (63%), hemicellulose (2.3%) and protein (11.5%). Methane production from coffee pulp waste still has much problems because of toxic chemicals content such as caffeine, tannin, and total phenol which can inhibit the biogas production. In this case, CPW was pretreated by ethanol/water (50/50, v/v) at room temperature to remove those inhibitors. This study was to compare the methane production by microbial consortium of cow dung and rumen fluid mixture coffee pulp waste as a substrate with and without pretreatment. The pretreated CPW was fermented with mixture of Cow Dung (CD) and Rumen ...

The use of mud as an alternative source for bioelectricity using microbial fuel cells

Alternative energy sources to substitute fossil-based energy is expected, as the fossil energy reserves decreasing every day. Mud is considered to be economical as the material sources for generating the electricity where it could be found easily and abundantly in Indonesia. The existence of a lot of mud that contains organic material has great potential as a source of electrical energy using microbial fuel cells (MFCs). It provides a promising technology by degrading organic compounds to yield the sustainable energy. The different sampling sites were determined to find out the electricity production, i.e. mud from soil water, brackish water and sea water using an anode immersed of 10 cm2. The results suggest that the electricity generation of the three areas are 0.331, 0.327 and 0.398 V (in terms of voltage); 0.221, 0.050 and 0.325 mA (in terms of electric current), respectively. It is investigated that the mud obtained the sea water exhibits the highest power potential compared to that obtained from the brackish and soil water.