Stanley R. Ames

Effect of DPPD, Methylene Blue, BHT, and Hydroquinone on Reproductive Process in the Rat.∗:

Summary and conclusions 1) Vit. E. bio-assays (prevention of resorption-gestation) of both methylene blue and DPPD indicated a low order of activity. However, this apparent tocopherol-like potency was due probably to a protective or sparing effect on small residual quantities of vit. E in the diet and in the body tissues. Under conditions where the diet was rigorously freed of tocopherol and the depletion period was extended, methylene blue and DPPD were found by other investigators to be completely devoid of vit. E activity. 2) At higher levels of supplementation, both methylene blue and DPPD were toxic. Methylene blue in doses of 100 mg/ day killed pregnant female rats. Feeding pregnant rats diets containing DPPD at a level of 0.0125% in the diet resulted in mortality of their young. Higher levels of DPPD induced prolonged gestation and maternal mortality. Neither BHT (0.313%) nor hy-droquinone (0.3%) produced these symptoms of toxicity, but BHT at the 1.55% level in the diet resulted in drastic loss of weight and fetal deaths.

Molecularly distilled monoglycerides. III. Nutritional studies on monoglycerides derived from cottonseed oil

Summary and ConclusionsMonoglycerides, prepared from cottonseed oil, were fed to three generations of rats at a 15% and a 25% level as the sole source of fat in the diet. Refined cottonseed oil was fed to comparable groups of rats at the same levels.No significant differences were found between the monoglycerides and the cottonseed oil in their nutritive value as measured by growth response, reproduction ability, and lactation performance. Absorption of fatty acids, either as monoglycerides or as the original oil, from the intestinal tract was the same as shown by essentially equal coefficients of absorption for the two types of lipid at a 25% level in the diet.

The occurrence of the chick pericardial edema factor in some oleic acids and products derived therefrom

SummaryA number of samples of commercially-prepared (U.S.P.) oleic acids and glycerol esters of oleic acids were shown to contain a material which produces pericardial edema in chicks. The active material was concentrated from either the oleic acid or the glycerol mono-ester by molecular distillation.Four of the 11 samples of oleic acid were inactive; this indicates that the pericardial edema is not caused by the fatty acid itself but by an incidental material in the fatty acid.

The lipide-bound volatile acids of animal fats.

Abstract Volatile acids have been recovered from saponified fats by steamdistillation. Identification of the acids was accomplished by paper chromatography of their hydroxamate derivatives. Analyses of various tissue fats from the rat, dog, and guinea pig, and of human blood lipides showed small amounts of lipide-bound volatile acids in every fat tested. Feeding distilled, acetylated monoglycerides to rats at dietary levels up to 50% increased the lipide-bound, steam-distillable acids in blood but not in tissue fats or carcass fat. The low levels of these acids which were found in tissue fats from a dog fed a standard dog meal were not elevated by feeding a diet containing 25% distilled, acetylated monoglycerides.

Biochemical studies on vitamin A. X. A nutritional investigation of synthetic vitamin A in margarine

SummaryThe growth, reproduction, and lactation of three generations of albino rats fed diets containing 7.5% of margarine oil fortified with synthetic vitamin A palmitate to contain 1,850,000 units of vitamin A per pound of fat (1,500,000 units per pound of margarine) was investigated. This level of supplementation gave normal responses comparable to those shown by animals fed regular margarine oil (18,500 units of natural vitamin A per pound of fat or 15,000 units per pound of margarine).