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Dive into the research topics where Stefan Werling is active.

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Featured researches published by Stefan Werling.


Videometrics, Range Imaging, and Applications XII; and Automated Visual Inspection | 2013

Model based image restoration for underwater images

Thomas Stephan; Peter Frühberger; Stefan Werling; Michael Heizmann

The inspection of offshore parks, dam walls and other infrastructure under water is expensive and time consuming, because such constructions must be inspected manually by divers. Underwater buildings have to be examined visually to find small cracks, spallings or other deficiencies. Automation of underwater inspection depends on established water-proved imaging systems. Most underwater imaging systems are based on acoustic sensors (sonar). The disadvantage of such an acoustic system is the loss of the complete visual impression. All information embedded in texture and surface reflectance gets lost. Therefore acoustic sensors are mostly insufficient for these kind of visual inspection tasks. Imaging systems based on optical sensors feature an enormous potential for underwater applications. The bandwidth from visual imaging systems reach from inspection of underwater buildings via marine biological applications through to exploration of the seafloor. The reason for the lack of established optical systems for underwater inspection tasks lies in technical difficulties of underwater image acquisition and processing. Lightening, highly degraded images make a computational postprocessing absolutely essential.


Two- and three-dimensional methods for inspection and metrology. Conference | 2006

Regularization of the deflectometry problem using shading data

Jonathan Balzer; Stefan Werling; Jürgen Beyerer

Reconstructing a specular surface from observation of structured illumination is mathematically a severely illposed problem. This contribution discusses the close relationship of Shape-from-Shading and the deflectometry problem. Consequently, a novel regularization approach for partially diffuse objects is proposed in this paper. By considering different characteristic curves on the unknown surface, we estimate a set of points that the reconstruction must embed. A solution satisfying the reflection conditions is afterwards fitted to the obtained points with the help of a level set iteration.


Videometrics, Range Imaging, and Applications XII; and Automated Visual Inspection | 2013

Pattern coding strategies for deflectometric measurement systems

Sebastian Höfer; Masoud Roschani; Stefan Werling

In this paper we assess the impact of different error sources on the deflectometric measurement. We provide an overview of previous work in this field and fill the gaps to provide a unified measurement model. The focus is on the parameters of a deflectometric setup with the objective to give practice-oriented guidelines for optimizing the deflectometric data acquisition. We will differentiate between systematic error sources which can be anticipated and compensated for and errors which are intrinsic to the deflectometric measurement method itself. In the later case possible trade-offs between parameters are highlighted to enable the optimization of a setup to a specific application.


Tm-technisches Messen | 2007

Bayes'sche Methodik zur lokalen Fusion heterogener Informationsquellen (Bayesian Methodology for the Local Fusion of Heterogeneous Information Sources)

Jürgen Beyerer; Jennifer Sander; Stefan Werling

Bei der Fusion heterogener Informationsquellen muss deren unterschiedlicher Abstraktionsgrad und deren unterschiedliche Natur (Formalisierung) überwunden werden. Essenzielle Forderungen an eine Fusionsmethodik sind die Fähigkeiten zur Transformation, Fusion und Fokussierung. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Bayes’sche Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie in einer Degree-of-Belief-Deutung jede dieser Forderungen erfüllt. Um ihren hohen Rechenaufwand entscheidend zu verringern, wird anschließend ein lokaler Bayes’scher Fusionsansatz vorgestellt. Dieser kann in Anlehnung an kriminalistische Ermittlungen mittels einer agentenbasierten Fusionsarchitektur umgesetzt werden. In fusing heterogeneous information sources, their different abstraction levels and formalizations have to be coped with. Essential requirements on a fusion methodology are its abilities to transform, fuse, and focus. It is shown that the Bayesian fusion methodology as Degree-of-Belief interpretation covers all these areas. With a view to reduce high computational costs, a local approach for the Bayesian fusion of information is subsequently be presented. In analogy to criminalistic investigation, this approach can be realized via agent-based fusion architecture.


Tm-technisches Messen | 2011

Lineare Deflektometrie — Regularisierung und experimentelles Design

Jonathan Balzer; Stefan Werling; Jürgen Beyerer

Zusammenfassung Spiegelnde Oberflächen lassen sich mit Hilfe deflektometrischer Methoden vermessen. Die Lösungen des Rekonstruktionsproblems bilden dabei bekanntlich eine einparametrige Familie, mit deren Eigenschaften sich der vorliegende Beitrag befasst. Wir zeigen theoretisch und im Experiment, dass die Formempfindlichkeit der Lösungen mit wachsender Entfernung vom optischen Zentrum der bildgebenden Komponente des Sensorsystems monoton abnimmt und schlagen daraufhin eine neuartige Regularisierungsstrategie vor. Desweiteren werden Empfehlungen für die Konstruktion eines Messaufbaus gegeben, die diese und die dazu konträre Regularisierung durch spekulares Stereo begünstigen. Abstract Specular surfaces can be measured with deflectometric methods. The solutions form a one-parameter family whose properties are discussed in this paper. We show in theory and experiment that the shape sensitivity of solutions decreases with growing distance from the optical center of the imaging component of the sensor system and propose a novel regularization strategy. Recommendations for the construction of a measurement setup aim for benefiting this strategy as well as the contrarian standard approach of regularization by specular stereo.


dagm conference on pattern recognition | 2010

Optimization on shape curves with application to specular stereo

Jonathan Balzer; Sebastian Höfer; Stefan Werling; Jürgen Beyerer

We state that a one-dimensional manifold of shapes in 3- space can be modeled by a level set function. Finding a minimizer of an independent functional among all points on such a shape curve has interesting applications in computer vision. It is shown how to replace the commonly encountered practice of gradient projection by a projection onto the curve itself. The outcome is an algorithm for constrained optimization, which, as we demonstrate theoretically and numerically, provides some important benefits in stereo reconstruction of specular surfaces.


Tm-technisches Messen | 2007

Automatische Inspektion spiegelnder Oberflächen mittels inverser Muster (Inspection of Specular Surfaces with Inverse Patterns)

Stefan Werling; Jürgen Beyerer

Der Einsatz von inversen Mustern zur schnellen und robusten Prüfung spiegelnder Freiformflächen wird vorgestellt. Beobachtet man bekannte Muster, die z.B. in einem LC-Display dargestellt werden, über eine spiegelnde Oberfläche, erscheinen diese dem Betrachter deformiert und verzerrt. Mittels bekanntem 3D-Modell des Prüfobjekts bzw. Messung an einem Referenzobjekt können vorab sogenannte inverse Muster berechnet werden. Diese Muster erzeugen über die Abbildung des Prüfobjekts unverzerrte Muster in der Kameraebene. Damit ist die Oberflächentopographie im inversen Muster implizit vorhanden. Die automatische Oberflächenprüfung beschränkt sich jetzt auf die Auswertung eines Musters, womit ein deutlicher Geschwindigkeitsvorteil zu den bisherigen deflektometrischen Verfahren erzielt wird. The application of inverse patterns to fast and robust mirror surface evaluation is shown. In a well controlled environment, one observes via the mirror surface a screen onto which a well-defined pattern is displayed. Evaluation of the deflected pattern is used to determine surface defects of the object under test. In some cases it is possible to calculate inverse patterns in advance, in which the surface topography is given implicitly. Using these inverse patterns results in bottom-of-the-range and fast surface examination, which is a benefit compared to the commonly used deflectometric methods.


Tm-technisches Messen | 2007

Deflektometrische Rekonstruktion teilspiegelnder Freiformflächen (Deflectometric Reconstruction of Partially Specular Free-Form Surfaces)

Jonathan Balzer; Stefan Werling; Jürgen Beyerer

Bei der deflektometrischen Vermessung spiegelnder Bauteile erhält man ohne Zusatzwissen eine Mannigfaltigkeit von Lösungskandidaten. Im Fall, dass das untersuchte Objekt zusätzlich diffuse Reflexionsanteile besitzt, kann durch Einbeziehung der Reflektanzeigenschaften Eindeutigkeit erzwungen werden. Die Betrachtung charaketristischer Kurven in der Bildebene lässt die Bestimmung eines Oberflächenpunkts zu, von dem aus die gesuchte Fläche durch Integration erhalten werden kann. Die Praktikabilität des Ansatzes wird anhand experimenteller Ergebnisse gezeigt. Measuring surface shape by means of deflectometric reconstruction, a manifold of solutions is obtained if no additional knowledge can be employed. Though, whenever the object under consideration exhibits portions of diffuse reflection behaviour, uniqueness can be achieved by evaluating reflectance information. A set of characteristic curves in the image plane leads to a single surface point, from which the surface can be integrated thereafter. The practicability of our approach is demonstrated by the experimental results presented.


Tm-technisches Messen | 2011

Oberflächenrekonstruktion mittels Stereodeflektometrie

Stefan Werling; Jürgen Beyerer

Zusammenfassung Stereoverfahren zur Inspektion und Rekonstruktion spiegelnder Oberflächen können global versagen. Hierzu wird ein konstruktives Verfahren zur Erzeugung von nicht unterscheidbaren Flächenpaaren vorgestellt. Es ergeben sich daraus Bedingungen für die Anwendung von Stereoverfahren zur Rekonstruktion spiegelnder Objekte. Die Rekonstruktion komplex geformter Objekte basiert in der Regel auf vielen einzelnen Teilmessungen. Überlappen sich diese Messbereiche, so kann dort das deflektometrische Stereo zur Regularisierung des Rekonstruktionsproblems gewinnbringend eingesetzt werden. Abstract Deflectometric stereo methods can fail globally. An algorithm for the construction of ambiguous surface pairs will be presented. This way, constraints for the applicability of stereo methods in the specular case are derived. With this knowledge, stereo methods allow the regularization of the deflectometric reconstruction problem in several regards.


Measurement | 2010

Principles of Shape from Specular Reflection

Jonathan Balzer; Stefan Werling

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Sebastian Höfer

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

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Michael Heizmann

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

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Michael Mai

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

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