Stela Adami Vayego

Estimativas de parâmetros e tendências genéticas para algumas características de importância econômica em linhagem paterna de frangos de corte sob seleção

Estimativas dos parâmetros geneticos e fenotipicos de algumas caracteristicas produtivas em linhagem paterna de matrizes de frango de corte foram obtidas utilizando-se a metodologia de modelos mistos. Utilizaram-se dados de aproximadamente 46.000 aves, originados de 12 geracoes no periodo de 1992 a 2003, fornecidos pela EMBRAPA Suinos e aves. Nos machos foram avaliadas as caracteristicas peso corporal aos 42 dias de idade (P42), comprimento de peito (CPeito), largura maior do peito (Larg1) e largura menor do peito (Larg2) aos 42 dias de idade. Os componentes de variância e co-variância foram estimados utilizando-se o programa DFREML. As estimativas de herdabilidade obtidas foram moderadas e variaram de 0,29 a 0,53. As correlacoes geneticas foram: 0,68 entre P42 e CPeito; 0,65 entre P42 e Larg1; 0,48 entre P42 e Larg2. O estudo da tendencia genetica das caracteristicas indicou que progresso genetico esta sendo obtido.

Uso da Calendula officinalis na prevenção e tratamento de radiodermatite: ensaio clínico randomizado duplo cego

OBJETIVO Avaliar a eficacia da Calendula officinalis em relacao aos Acidos Graxos Essenciais na prevencao e tratamento de radiodermatite. METODO Trata-se de ensaio clinico randomizado duplo cego realizado com 51 pacientes com câncer de cabeca e pescoco em tratamento radioterapico divididos em dois grupos: controle (27) e experimental (24). RESULTADOS Ha evidencia estatistica significativa (p-valor = 0,0120) de que a proporcao de radiodermatite grau 2 no Grupo Acidos Graxos Essenciais e superior ao Grupo Calendula. Por meio da curva de Kaplan-Meier observa-se que a sobrevida do Grupo Acidos Graxos Essenciais manteve-se sempre abaixo da curva de sobrevida do Grupo Calendula, devido ao menor risco de desenvolver radiodermatite grau 1, o que torna a utilizacao da Calendula mais eficaz, com significância estatistica (p-valor = 0,00402). CONCLUSAO A Calendula exibiu melhor resposta terapeutica do que o Acidos Graxos Essenciais na prevencao e tratamento da radiodermatite. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clinicos: RBR-237v4b.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of Calendula officinalis in relation to Essential Fatty Acids for the prevention and treatment of radiodermatitis. METHOD This is a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial with 51 patients with head and neck cancer in radiotherapy treatment divided into two groups: control (27) and experimental (24). RESULTS There is statistically significant evidence (p-value = 0.0120) that the proportion of radiodermatitis grade 2 in Essential Fatty Acids group is higher than Calendula group. Through the Kaplan-Meier survival curve we observed that Essential Fatty Acids group has always remained below the Calendula group survival curve, due to the lower risk of developing radiodermatitis grade 1, which makes the usage of Calendula more effective, with statistical significance (p-value = 0.00402). CONCLUSION Calendula showed better therapeutic response than the Essential Fatty Acids in the prevention and treatment of radiodermatitis. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-237v4b.

Uso De La Calendula Officinalis En La Prevención Y Tratamiento De Radiodermatitis: Ensayo Clínico Randomizado Doble Ciego

OBJETIVO Avaliar a eficacia da Calendula officinalis em relacao aos Acidos Graxos Essenciais na prevencao e tratamento de radiodermatite. METODO Trata-se de ensaio clinico randomizado duplo cego realizado com 51 pacientes com câncer de cabeca e pescoco em tratamento radioterapico divididos em dois grupos: controle (27) e experimental (24). RESULTADOS Ha evidencia estatistica significativa (p-valor = 0,0120) de que a proporcao de radiodermatite grau 2 no Grupo Acidos Graxos Essenciais e superior ao Grupo Calendula. Por meio da curva de Kaplan-Meier observa-se que a sobrevida do Grupo Acidos Graxos Essenciais manteve-se sempre abaixo da curva de sobrevida do Grupo Calendula, devido ao menor risco de desenvolver radiodermatite grau 1, o que torna a utilizacao da Calendula mais eficaz, com significância estatistica (p-valor = 0,00402). CONCLUSAO A Calendula exibiu melhor resposta terapeutica do que o Acidos Graxos Essenciais na prevencao e tratamento da radiodermatite. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clinicos: RBR-237v4b.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of Calendula officinalis in relation to Essential Fatty Acids for the prevention and treatment of radiodermatitis. METHOD This is a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial with 51 patients with head and neck cancer in radiotherapy treatment divided into two groups: control (27) and experimental (24). RESULTS There is statistically significant evidence (p-value = 0.0120) that the proportion of radiodermatitis grade 2 in Essential Fatty Acids group is higher than Calendula group. Through the Kaplan-Meier survival curve we observed that Essential Fatty Acids group has always remained below the Calendula group survival curve, due to the lower risk of developing radiodermatitis grade 1, which makes the usage of Calendula more effective, with statistical significance (p-value = 0.00402). CONCLUSION Calendula showed better therapeutic response than the Essential Fatty Acids in the prevention and treatment of radiodermatitis. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-237v4b.

Retorno ao trabalho de pacientes adultos submetidos a transplante de fígado

BACKGROUND Orthotopic liver transplantation is an established therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease. In the last years more attention has been given for the improvement of the quality of life after liver transplantation, and the return to important life pursuits, such as employment, are important goals of this type of therapy. AIM To assess the works return rate in liver transplant recipients and the reasons for inability after liver transplant. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-one adults (age > or = 18 years) who underwent liver transplantation at our institution, between September 1991 and June 1999, with a post-transplant survival > or = 9 months, good graft function and a regular clinical follow-up were enrolled for the study. A questionnaire that measured aspects of inactivity before and after liver transplantation had been applied. RESULTS Thirty-one of 41 patients were unable to work due end-stage liver disease before liver transplantation. Return to work was observed in 28 of 41 patients (68%) in a mean time of 5.9 months after the surgical procedure. Eleven of 28 active patients after liver transplant (39%) contribute significantly to family income. The reasons for inactivity after liver transplantation were: early retirement (n = 5), unemployment (n = 4), and physical disability (n = 4). CONCLUSION Successful liver transplantation not only improves the survival rate but allows patients to return to social function and workforce.

Incidence of local complications and risk factors associated with peripheral intravenous catheter in neonates

OBJETIVO Avaliar a incidencia de complicacoes relacionadas ao uso do cateter intravenoso periferico em neonatos e identificar fatores de risco associados. METODO Coorte prospectiva, realizada em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Os participantes foram os neonatos internados submetidos a puncao intravenosa periferica, no periodo de fevereiro a junho de 2013. RESULTADOS A incidencia de complicacoes foi de 63,15%, sendo infiltracao/extravasamento (69,89%), flebite (17,84%) e obstrucao (12,27%). Os fatores de risco foram: presenca de infeccao (p=0,0192) e peso no dia da puncao (p=0,0093), tipo de infusao intermitente associada a continua (p<0,0001), intubacao orotraqueal (p=0,0008), infusao de plano basico (p=0,0027), nutricao parenteral total (p=0,0002), hemotransfusao associada a outras infusoes (p=0,0003) e outros medicamentos (p=0,0004). Maior risco de desenvolver complicacao nas primeiras 48 horas pos-puncao. CONCLUSAO Uma taxa elevada de complicacoes relacionadas ao uso do cateter intravenoso periferico e fatores de risco associados a infeccao, peso, drogas e solucoes infundidas e tipo de infusao.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence of complications related to the use of peripheral intravenous catheter in neonates and identify the associated risk factors. METHOD Prospective cohort study conducted in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Participants were the hospitalized neonates undergoing peripheral intravenous puncture in the period from February to June 2013. RESULTS The incidence of complications was 63.15%, being infiltration/extravasation (69.89%), phlebitis (17.84%) and obstruction (12.27%). The risk factors were the presence of infection (p = 0.0192) and weight at the puncture day (p = 0.0093), type of intermittent infusion associated with continuous infusion (p <0.0001), endotracheal intubation (p = 0.0008), infusion of basic plan (p = 0.0027), total parenteral nutrition (P = 0.0002), blood transfusion associated with other infusions (p = 0.0003) and other drugs (p = 0.0004). Higher risk of developing complications in the first 48 hours after puncture. CONCLUSION A high rate of complications related to the use of peripheral intravenous catheter, and risk factors associated with infection, weight, drugs and infused solutions, and type of infusion.

Chlorhexidine and gauze and tape dressings for central venous catheters: a randomized clinical trial

OBJECTIVE: to assess the effectiveness of the chlorhexidine antimicrobial dressing in comparison to the gauze and tape dressing in the use of central venous catheters. METHOD: a randomized clinical trial was conducted in the intensive care and adult semi intensive care units of a university hospital in the south of Brazil. The subjects were patients using short-term central venous catheters, randomly assigned to the intervention (chlorhexidine antimicrobial dressing) or control (gauze and micro porous tape) groups. RESULTS: a total of 85 patients were included: 43 in the intervention group and 42 in the control group. No statistically significant differences were found between dressings in regard to the occurrence of: primary bloodstream infections (p-value = 0.5170); local reactions to the dressing (p-value = 0.3774); and dressing fixation (p-value = 0.2739). CONCLUSION: both technologies are effective in covering central venous catheters in regard to the investigated variables and can be used for this purpose. Registry ECR: RBR-7b5ycz.OBJECTIVE: to assess the effectiveness of the chlorhexidine antimicrobial dressing in comparison to the gauze and tape dressing in the use of central venous catheters. METHOD: a randomized clinical trial was conducted in the intensive care and adult semi intensive care units of a university hospital in the south of Brazil. The subjects were patients using short-term central venous catheters, randomly assigned to the intervention (chlorhexidine antimicrobial dressing) or control (gauze and micro porous tape) groups. RESULTS: a total of 85 patients were included: 43 in the intervention group and 42 in the control group. No statistically significant differences were found between dressings in regard to the occurrence of: primary bloodstream infections (p-value = 0.5170); local reactions to the dressing (p-value = 0.3774); and dressing fixation (p-value = 0.2739). CONCLUSION: both technologies are effective in covering central venous catheters in regard to the investigated variables and can be used for this purpose. Registry ECR: RBR-7b5ycz.

Incidência de complicações locais no cateterismo venoso periférico e fatores de risco associados

Objective To estimate the incidence of local complications associated with peripheral catheters and identify risk factors for the development of most common complications. Methods This prospective cohort study included 92 adult inpatients at clinical and surgical units who had peripheral catheterization. By daily observance of the catheters we determined time of permanence and local complications due to the use of a complete safety catheter. All actions began after training of nursing teams. Statistical tests used were the Fisher exact test, G test (Williams), chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, and relative risk. Results Local complications occurred in 56.2% of cases. Time of catheter permanence over 72 hours increased the risk for phlebitis development in 2.34% of cases (RR; p=0.0483; CI [0.91; 6.07]). Conclusion Incidence of local complications was high. Phlebitis was the predominant complication and the time of catheter permanence over 72 hours was a considered risk factor for this complication.

Infection, local reaction and poor fixation of dressings for central venous catheter

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors related to the occurrence of infection, local reaction and poor fixation of dressings for central venous catheters.METHODS: Randomized clinical trial conducted with adult patients using central venous catheter for short periods, hospitalized in intensive and semi-intensive care units of a university hospital.RESULTS: 85 patients (43 chlorhexidine dressings; 42 gauze and tape). Use of blood component increases the chance of catheter-related infection; use of dressings for more than three days increases the chance of local reaction; catheter in the jugular vein increases the chance of poor fixation of the dressing. Catheter permanence for more than five days increases the chance of infection, local reaction and poor fixation.CONCLUSION: Both dressings are effective to cover central venous catheters and can be used for this purpose.

Risk factors for complications in peripheral intravenous catheters in adults: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Objetivo: analisar os fatores de risco relacionados a ocorrencia de complicacoes no cateterismo venoso periferico. Metodo: analise secundaria de dados de um ensaio clinico randomizado, no qual 169 pacientes clinicos e cirurgicos foram alocados no grupo em uso de cateter de seguranca completo (n = 90) e no grupo que utilizou cateter sobre agulha simples (n = 79), tempo de seguimento de tres meses. Resultados: os fatores de risco que aumentaram as chances de desenvolvimento de complicacoes foram: periodos de internacao compreendidos entre 10 a 19 dias (p = 0,0483) e 20 a 29 dias (p = 0,0098), uso de antimicrobianos (p = 0,0288) e solucoes e planos de soro (p = 0,0362). O calibre 20 Gauge diminuiu os riscos de ocorrencia de complicacoes (p=0,0153). A analise multipla apontou reducao do risco para o calibre 20 (p = 0,0350); aumento do risco para a infusao de solucoes e planos de soro (p = 0,0351) e administracao de corticosteroides (p = 0,0214). Conclusao: os fatores de risco relacionados a ocorrencia de complicacoes no cateterismo venoso periferico foram tempo de internacao entre 10 e 29 dias, infusao de antimicrobianos, solucoes e planos de soro e corticosteroides. Ressalta-se o calibre 20 como fator protetor ao desenvolvimento de complicacoes, quando comparado ao 22. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clinicos: RBR-46ZQR8.ABSTRACT Objective: analyze the risk factors linked to complications in peripheral intravenous catheters. Method: secondary data analysis of a randomized controlled trial with 169 medical and surgical patients placed in two groups, one with integrated safety catheter (n=90) and other using simple needle catheter (n=79), with three months follow-up time. Results: the risk factors that raised the odds of developing complications were: hospitalization between 10-19 days (p=0.0483) and 20-29 days (p=0,0098), antimicrobial use (p=0.0288) and use of fluid solutions (p=0.0362). The 20 Gauge lowered the risks of complications (p=0.0153). Multiple analysis showed reduction of risk for the 20 Gauge (p=0.0350); heightened risk for solutions and fluids (p=0.0351) and use of corticosteroids (p=0.0214). Conclusion: risk factors linked to complications in peripheral intravenous catheters were: hospitalization periods between 10-29 days, antimicrobial infusion, solutions and fluids and corticosteroids. Regarding complications, 20 Gauge is a protecting factor compared with 22. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-46ZQR8.

Complicações relacionadas ao uso do cateter venoso periférico: ensaio clínico randomizado

Objective To analyze the complications deriving from the use and type of peripheral venous catheter in adults. Methods Randomized clinical trial; undertaken at a teaching hospital between 2012 and 2015; 169 adults were included who were hospitalized at clinical and surgical services and needed peripheral venipuncture with an expected dwelling time of more than 96 hours. Through systemized randomization, 90 participants were allocated to the trial group (complete safety catheter) and 79 to the control group (short flexible catheter). Results The general complications rate was 55.62%, with 18.34% of phlebitis, 11.83% infiltration, 11.24% obstruction and 9.47% traction. No significant difference was found between the groups for the occurrence of complications, phlebitis, obstruction and traction. Conclusion The complication rate in peripheral venous catheterization was high but, when compared, without a statistically significant difference, the complete safety catheter showed lower complication rates after the fourth day of survival.