Elsio Antonio Pereira de Figueiredo

Estimativas de parâmetros e tendências genéticas para algumas características de importância econômica em linhagem paterna de frangos de corte sob seleção

Estimativas dos parâmetros geneticos e fenotipicos de algumas caracteristicas produtivas em linhagem paterna de matrizes de frango de corte foram obtidas utilizando-se a metodologia de modelos mistos. Utilizaram-se dados de aproximadamente 46.000 aves, originados de 12 geracoes no periodo de 1992 a 2003, fornecidos pela EMBRAPA Suinos e aves. Nos machos foram avaliadas as caracteristicas peso corporal aos 42 dias de idade (P42), comprimento de peito (CPeito), largura maior do peito (Larg1) e largura menor do peito (Larg2) aos 42 dias de idade. Os componentes de variância e co-variância foram estimados utilizando-se o programa DFREML. As estimativas de herdabilidade obtidas foram moderadas e variaram de 0,29 a 0,53. As correlacoes geneticas foram: 0,68 entre P42 e CPeito; 0,65 entre P42 e Larg1; 0,48 entre P42 e Larg2. O estudo da tendencia genetica das caracteristicas indicou que progresso genetico esta sendo obtido.

Selection for reproductive traits in white egg stock using independent culling levels

The objective of this study was to report the response to selection for fertility and hatchability in white egg layers strains, based on sire and dam performance, and the effects of inbreeding on these traits. Two selected white egg strains (CC and DD) from Embrapa·s poultry program under multiple trait selection were compared to a control strain (CCc). The control strain was established by randomly mating one male from each sire family to a non-related female from each dam family and was used to monitor genetic change in the selected lines. CC and DD were selected using family and individual information on hen-day egg production up to 40 weeks of age, egg weight, sexual maturity and 16-week-old body weight over five generations. Independent culling levels (ICL) were also used during population expansion to eliminate sires and dams with low fertility (FERT) and hatchability (HATC). Initially, FERT and HATC were over 90.0% in both selected and control strains. FERT and HATC of the selected and the control strains were compared during the last generation. FERT averages were 93.8, 93.8 and 94.4%, and HATCH averages were 93.2, 91.6 and 93.1% for CC, DD and CCc respectively. FERT and HATCH means were not different among strains. Estimated inbreeding increased at a rate of 0.4% per generation in all strains. Selection using ICL was able to effectively maintain the high initial FERT and HATC levels, and provide potential for high selection intensity in other traits. Inbreeding depression was not observed for any trait, indicating that selection compensated for any negative effects of inbreeding.

Desempenho, características de carcaça, qualidade da carne e condição sanitária de suínos criados nas fases de crescimento e terminação nos sistemas confinado convencional e de cama sobreposta

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of housing system on live performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and the sanitary condition of pigs raised in six different systems. A total of 803 MS58 x (Landrace x Large White) hybrid type pigs was used in seven subsequent lots, during the nursery and growing-finishing phases. At the nursery period, the systems evaluated were: conventional (CO), deep litter (CS), and intensive free range (SISCAL), while during the growing-finishing phase only the CO and CS systems were evaluated, being the CS system subdivided into three substrates (wheat straw, rice hulls and wood shaving). The factors considered on the statistical analysis were lot, treatment (combination of housing type used during nursery and growing-finishing phases), age (84, 105, 126, 147 e 160 days), and the interaction treatment x age. A significant effect of housing type was observed on weight gain, carcass characteristics, and weight of heart, liver, full stomach and stomach content. Animals housed on conventional treatment had higher (P<0.05) weight gain (824 vs. 779g), higher hot carcass weight (75 vs. 69kg) and higher fat thickness (18 vs. 17mm) than the ones raised on deep litter, however, these, on the other hand, presented larger (P<0.05) gut content (360 vs. 204g) and less degree of gut lesion than those of the conventional treatment, eventhough with higher sneeze prevalence. The housing system did not influence the health, however pigs housed on deep litter system during the growing-finishing phase presented lower performance and carcass values than the ones housed in the conventional housing system despite the housing system used during the nursery phase.

Efeito do Genótipo e da Alimentação no Desempenho de Borregos de Cruzamento Industrial, em Confinamento

Quarenta e oito borregos F1, de ambos os sexos, com 112 dias de idade, provenientes de cruzamentos de carneiros das racas Santa Ines (SI), Ile-de-France (IF), Suffolk (SU) e Hampshire Down (HD), com ovelhas comuns (Crioulas) foram utilizados para avaliarxa0 o efeito do genotipo e de tres diferentes dietas cuja composicao maior eraxa0 o feno de leucena, capim-elefante verde, picado e silagem de milho, bem comoxa0 o efeito da interacao genotipo x alimentacao sobre o desempenho dos animais, em confinamento. O experimento teve a duracao de 55 dias. Borregos 1/2 SU e 1/2 IF apresentaram peso final superior aos 1/2 SI (controle). A dieta influenciouxa0 o peso final (P

Capacidade de combinação de características de produção de ovos de linhagens de matrizes de frango de corte, usando análise de componentes principais

This study was conducted using data from single crosses (diallel) withim three female lines (PP, KK and VV). A completely randomized block design, with 81 single crosses treatments, three replicales with 81 broilers was used. The twelve production traits were: egg number during the periods of 24th-32nd, 32nd-40th, 40th-48th, 48th-56th, 56th-64th, 22nd-66th, 32nd-66th, 40th-66th, 48th-66th, 24th-40th, 24th-48th and 24th-56th weeks of age. The first two principal components explained more than 98% of total variance of the crosses means. In the study of the general combining ability (GCA), based on the scores of the first two principal componentes, the parent lines PP and VV were selected by GCA, for principal component1, however for the principal component 2 the parent line selected was PP.

Capacidade de combinação de características produtivas de linhagens de matrizes de frangos de corte, usando a técnica de componentes principais

This study was conducted using data from single crosses(partial diallel) of 9 male lines - group 1 - (LL, TL, ZL, TT, LT, ZT, ZZ, LZ, TL), 9 female lines of group 2 (PP, KP, VP, KK, PK, VK, VV, PV, KV), to evaluate general combining ability of productions traits of broiler lines using principal components analyses The eleven production traits analyzed, were,: fertility at 32nd,38th, 42nd and 49th weeks of age, hatchability at 32nd, body weight at day of age, body weight and feed : gain ratio at 42nd days of age, and carcass yield, breast yield and fat pad yield at 42nd day of age. In the general combining ability study of the scores of the first six principal components the lines 2, 5 and 9 of group I and line 9 of group 2 stood out. In this work the principal component was not an efficient thechnique of analyses.

Mudanças genéticas em linhas puras de frango de corte

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as mudancas geneticas ocorridas no desempenho, na composicao da carcaca e no tamanho e resistencia dos ossos, em linhagens experimentais, apos seis geracoes de selecao. As aves pertenciam as linhas paternas LL, LLc (controle), ZZ e LC1 (comercial), e as maternas PP, PPc (controle), KK e LC2 (comercial). As mudancas geneticas foram obtidas a partir dos desvios entre cada linha selecionada e a respectiva linha controle (LL-LLc e PP-PPc). A selecao para peso corporal resultou em respostas correlacionadas na conversao alimentar, mas nao nas caracteristicas de carcaca. As mudancas geneticas no ganho de peso nao estao sendo acompanhadas por mudancas correlacionadas na resistencia dos ossos. A enfase de selecao diferenciada entre linhas puras paternas e maternas esta alterando o conteudo de Ca, agua e de gordura das carcacas de frango de corte.

Estudo da capacidade de combinação de linhagens de matrizes de frango de corte, por meio da análise de fatores de características produtivas

This study was carried out to study the combining ability of parental broiler lines using factor analysis of production traits. The single crosses (partial diallel) among the male lines of group 1 (LL, TL, ZL, TT, LT, ZT, ZZ, LZ, and TL) and female lines of group 2 (PP, KP, VP, KK, PK, VK, VV, PV, and KV). A completely randomized blocks design, with three blocks, 81 single crosses and nine females per cross was used. The production traits, were fertility at 32nd, 38th , 42nd and 49th weeks of age, hatchability at 32nd, the initial body weights of the chicks, body weight and feed:gain ratio at 42nd days of age, and carcass yield, breast yield and fat pad yield at 42nd day of age of the broiler. Four factors, whose biological meanings were defined after rotation of the factor, were used. The lines that stood out in the factor analysis, for factor 2 (body weight factor at 42nd day) were LT and LZ, in group 1, and VP, KP, KK, KV, PK and VV, in group 2.

Technology Transfer Model Proposal in Public Research Institutions: The Search for a more Effective Process in the Broiler Chain in Brazil

Brazilian agricultural and livestock represent 22.54% of the Brazilian Gross Domestic Product. The Brazilian Agricultural and Livestock Research Company aims to develop technologic solutions for this sector. It has an approximate annual budget of 2.5 million dollars and 2,440 researchers. The researches target audience diversity makes more challenging the Technology Transfer process for the institution. The objective of this article was the proposal and validation, under the perception of the broiler productive chain agents, of a Technology Transfer model to optimize the public-private interaction for the institution. Were interviewed 142 agents, with a statistically significant sample, higher than 95%. The results demonstrated the contribution of Embrapa for the technological development of the chain is perceived as low, but the Technology Transfer model presented was considered essential by 96.77% of the respondents to optimize the Technology Transfer of Embrapa Pigs and Poultry to the chain.

Desempenho e Predição de Híbridos e Análise de Agrupamento de Características de Matrizes de Frangos de Corte

This study was conducted using data from single crosses (partial diallel) of male lines, group I (LL, TL, ZL, TT, LT, ZT, ZZ, LZ, TL), female lines, group II (PP, KP, VP, KK, PK, VK, VV, PV, KV), besides two control lines (LLc and PPc). A completely randomized block design, with three replicales, 82 single crosses treatments with nine females for experimental unit was used in the analyses. The production traits analyzed, eleven total, were: fertility at 32nd, 38th, 42nd and 49th weeks of age, hatchability at 32nd, body weight at day of age, body weight and feed:gain ratio at 42nd days of age, and carcass yield, breast yield and fast pad yield at 42nd day of age. The averages and prediction of the hybrid ones showed to be important source of information. Similarity exists among the crossings originating from of the use of the line 1, as progenitor.