Sudarshan Singh

Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast culture supplement on ruminal metabolism in buffalo calves given a high concentrate diet

The effect of inclusion of live yeast culture (YC, Saccharomyces cerevisiae plus growth medium) in a high concentrate diet given to buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves on the rumen microbial population and fermentation pattern and in sacco dry matter disappearance of dietary constituents was examined. Six rumen-fistulated buffalo calves of about 120 kg live iveight were divided into two equal groups. The control group was given a diet consisting of, on a dry-matter basis, 0·90 kg ivheat straw, 1 kg berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) and ISO kg concentrate per day per calf and the yeast group the above diet plus 5 g YC which was put directly into the rumen via the fistula. After feeding this diet for 6 weeks (supplementation period), inclusion of YC was stopped and both groups were given the control diet for a period of 3 weeks to examine the performance of the YC group after withdrawal of YC. At week 4 of YC supplementation the pH was significantly increased ( P P P P 0·05) and 0·079 (P>0·05), respectively. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, particularly at 4 h post feeding ( P P

Effect of yeast culture supplement on ruminal microbial populations and metabolism in buffalo calves fed a high roughage diet

The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast culture (YC, Yea-Sacc 1026) as a supplement to the high-roughage diet of buffalo calves on the rumen microbial populations, fermentation pattern and in sacco dry matter disappearance of dietary constituents was examined. A control group was fed a diet consisting of, on a dry matter basis, 2.12 kg bajra (Pennisetum typhoides) hay and 0.45 kg groundnut cake per day per calf, while the treatment group had the same diet plus 5 g YC. After feeding for 6 weeks, inclusion of YC was stopped and both groups were given the control diet for 2 weeks. At week 4 the pH in the rumen fluid (RF) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) up to 6 h post-feeding in the treatment group compared with the control group. The concentrations of total, total viable and cellulolytic bacteria were increased by 41.0 (P < 0.05), 33.5 and 57.4% (P < 0.01), respectively, with YC supplement. The concentration of total volatile fatty acids (P < 0.05), particularly at 4 h post-feeding (P < 0.01) and acetate (P < 0.01) and acetate to propionate ratio (P < 0.05) were higher in the treatment compared with the control group. On YC supplementation, the concentration of NH 3 -N was decreased (P < 0.05) while that of TCA-precipitable protein in RF was marginally but non-significantly increased. Withdrawal of YC from the diet reversed these effects and the rumen variables returned to values close to control levels after 2 weeks. The in sacco dry matter disappearance of dietary components was higher in the treatment compared with the control group, particularly during the first 24 h of incubation.

Mode of action of yeast culture (YEA-SACC 1026) for stimulation of rumen fermentation in buffalo calves

The effect of daily supplementation of 5 g Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast culture (YC, YEA-SACC 1026), 30 g NaHCO3, supernatant from 5 g YC (YCS), 5 g autoclaved YC (YCH) or 5 g γ-irradiated YC (YCR) to the diet of buffalo calves on rumen microbial populations and fermentation pattern was examined. Addition of 30 g NaHCO3 increased the rumen pH to the level observed with YC group. The pH and the concentrations of total, total viable and cellulolytic bacteria and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were significantly higher while that of lactic acid, hexose-unit oligosaccharides and NH3-N were significantly lower in the rumen fluid of YC compared with the control group. The effect of NaHCO3 was 39·5 and 59·5% in decreasing the concentrations of lactic acid and hexose-unit oligosaccharides, 48·1, 47·2 and 45·5% in increasing the numbers of total, total viable and cellulolytic bacteria, 50·0 and 58·1% in increasing the concentrations of total VFA and protein and 51·3% in decreasing the concentration of NH3-N of YC. The corresponding values for YCR addition in the diet were 38·6, 45·7, 48·5, 44·4, 51·5, 39·1, 48·1 and 46·5%. The effect of YCS and YCH was only marginal, but conspicuous up to 2 h after feeding, in changing the above rumen variables when compared with the YC group. The results indicated that contribution of increase in pH in changing the rumen variables was approximately 50% of YC and almost all the stimulatory activity was associated with live yeast cells. Autoclaving of YC destroyed almost all and γ-irradiation of YC retained about 50% of stimulatory activity of YC. The effect of YC on rumen fermentation, which was maximum up to 2 to 4 h after feeding, decreased with time.

Effect of an inhibitor isolated from onion ( Allium cepa Linn.) bulbs on the activity of some of the enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis

Aus Zwiebelknollen (Allium cepa Linn.) wurde ein Hemmstoff der Phosphoglukomutase isoliert.