Sudibyo Martono

Improvement method of fast and isocratic RP-HPLC analysis of major diterpene glycoside from Stevia rebaudiana leaves

Stevioside and rebaudioside A are major diterpene glycoside from Stevia rebaudiana. These compounds have similar structure and make both compounds have close polarity. The aim of this study was to improve isocratic RP-HPLC analysis to achieve a complete separation of stevioside and rebaudioside A in baseline peak. The method improved was conducted on Eurosphere C-18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) as the stationary phase. Mobile phase was made by a mixture of water-methanol (90: 10, v / v, pH = 3.0); acetonitrile, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the ratio 65: 35: 0.01 (v/v/v). Flow rate of mobile phase was 0.6 mL/min. The detection was performed in UV-210 nm. The improved method has complete separation by R > 2.00 in baseline peak. The linearity of the standard curve was obtained with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 for rebaudioside A and 0.9994 for stevioside. The percent recovery was determined by standard addition method with a mean recovery of 100.82% for rebaudioside A and 101.04% for stevioside. The rela...

Determination of Dog Gelatins Based on Amino Acid Profils and Chemometrics

Gelatin adalah protein yang diperoleh dengan memanaskan kulit, tendon, ligamen, dan tulang dengan air. Gelatin banyak digunakan di beberapa produk makanan dan industri farmasi. Beberapa agama seperti Islam melarang pengikutnya mengkonsumsi produk makanan yang mengandung keturunan babi dan anjing, termasuk gelatin. Deteksi adanya kandungan nonhalal dalam produk pangan telah menjadi studi penting di banyak negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membedakan gelatin anjing dari kambing, sapi dan babi berdasarkan profil asam amino yang dikombinasikan dengan kemometrik dari komponen utama analisis (Principal Component Analysis/PCA). Pemisahan dan penentuan asam amino menggunakan liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lima kandungan asam amino tertinggi dalam gelatin anjing adalah asam glutamat, glisin, alanin, arginin, dan metionin. Parameter persentase tinggi puncak masing-masing asam amino dari masing-masing sampel dianalisis dengan PCA. Berdasarkan PC1 dan PC2, gelatin dari anjing, kambing, sapi, dan babi bisa dibedakan.

Pharmaceutical nanoparticle technologies: An approach to improve drug solubility and dissolution rate of Piroxicam

Pharmaceutical nanotechnology is employed to improve poor aqueous solubility of drug compounds which have limited in vivo bioavailability because of their low dissolution rate in the gastrointestinal fluids. Nanoparticle technology reduced particle size of piroxicam, proved to be effective in improving the oral bioavailability as a result of enhanced solubility and dissolution rate. To achieve this objective, the formulations were prepared by evaporative antisolvent precipitation methode. The first-line drug is dissolved in an organic solvent, and then quickly mixed with an aqueous solution of stabilizer media. The physical characteristics of nanoparticles, as shape, particle size, solubility and disolution rate of nanopiroxicam were evaluated. FTIR (Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction) and differential scanning calorimetr (DSC) of the microcrystals were studied. The results showed that the nanoprecipitation method was used to prepare biodegradable drugs of reproducible sizes of piroxicam in the range (300-400 nm) with spherical shape by addressing the effects of processing parameters. Nanopiroxicam successfully improved the solubility and in vitro dissolution is expected due to of amorphous from revealed by X-ray and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies. The dissolution rate of the nanoparticles was markedly enhanced by reducing the particle size and a subsequently increased surface area. Nanopiroxicam formulations improved solubility and dissolution rate of piroxicam. Dissolution test showed that the C5 and C60 values of nanopiroxicams were greater than that of the commercial drugs and that of untreated Piroxicam, respectively.

Authentication of Wild Boar Meat in Meatball Formulation Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Chemometrics

An UV spectrophotometric area under curve method was developed for the estimation of Levofloxacin Hemihydrate in its mono component tablets. The spectrophotometric method for estimation employed Area under curve method for analysis using 0.1M Sodium Hydroxide as solvent for the drug Levofloxacin Hemihydrate at the wavelength range of 285-295nm. Levofloxacin Hemihydrate obeys Beer’s law in concentration range 10-50µg/ml. The recovery studies ascertained accuracy of the proposed method and the result validated according to ICH guideline. Results of analysis have been valid statistically by recovery studies. The method was successfully for evaluation of Levofloxacin Hemihydrate in tablet dosage form without the interference of common excipients.

A Rapid, Simple, and Validated RP-HPLC Method for Quantitative Analysis of Levofloxacin in Human Plasma

To conduct a bioequivalence study for a copy product of levofloxacin (LEV), a simple and validated analytical method was needed, but the previous developed methods were still too complicated. For this reason, a simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for LEV quantification in human plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed under isocratic elution on a Luna Phenomenex ® C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column. The mobile phase was comprised of acetonitrile, methanol, and phosphate buffer 25 mM that adjusted at pH 3.0 (13:7:80 v/v/v) and pumped at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Detection was performed under UV detector at wavelength of 280 nm. Samples were prepared by adding acetonitrile and followed by centrifugation to precipitate plasma protein. Then followed successively by evaporation and reconstitution step. The optimized method meets the requirements of validation parameters which included linearity (r = 0.995), sensitivity (LLOQ and LOD was 1.77 and 0.57 µg/mL respectively), accuracy (%error above LLOQ ≤ 12% and LLOQ ≤ 20%), precision (RSD ≤ 9%), and robustness in the ranges of 1.77-28.83 µg/mL. Therefore, the method can be used as a routine analysis of LEV in human plasma as well as in bioequivalence study of LEV.