Sugeng Riyanto

Authentication analysis of red fruit (Pandanus Conoideus Lam) oil using FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics.

INTRODUCTION Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) is endemic plant of Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The price of its oil (red fruit oil, RFO) is 10-15 times higher than that of common vegetable oils; consequently, RFO is subjected to adulteration with lower price oils. Among common vegetable oils, canola oil (CaO) and rice bran oil (RBO) have similar fatty acid profiles to RFO as indicated by the score plot of principal component analysis; therefore, CaO and RBO are potential adulterants in RFO. OBJECTIVE To develop FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics of partial least square regression (PLSR) and discriminant analysis (DA) for authentication of RFO from CaO and RBO. RESULTS The presence of CaO in RFO was better determined at frequency regions of 1200-1050 cm⁻¹; meanwhile, the combined frequency ranges of 1207-1078 and 1747-1600 cm⁻¹ were exploited for quantitative analysis of RBO with acceptable values of coefficient of determination (R²) and errors in calibration, prediction and during cross validation. DA based on Mahalanobis distance was able to discriminate between RFO and RFO adulterated with CaO and RBO. CONCLUSION FTIR spectroscopy combined with PLSR and DA can be successfully used for quantification and classification of oil adulterants in RFO. The developed method is rapid and environmentally friendly and sample preparation is easy.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate calibrations for the authentication of avocado oil.

Avocado oil is one of the functional oils having high quality and high price in the market. This oil shows many benefits for the human health and is applied in many cosmetic products. The authentication of avocado oil becomes very important due to the possible adulteration of avocado oil with other lower priced oils, such as palm oil and canola oil. In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using attenuated total reflectance in combination with chemometrics techniques of partial least squares and principal component regression is implemented to construct the quantification and classification models of palm oil and canola oil in avocado oil. Partial least squares at the wavenumbers region of 1260–900 cm–1 revealed the best calibration models, having the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.999) and the lowest root mean square error of calibration, 0.80%, and comparatively low root mean square error of prediction, 0.79%, for analysis of avocado oil in the mixture with palm oil. Meanwhile, the highest R2, root mean square error of calibration, and root mean square error of prediction values obtained for avocado oil in the mixture with canola oil at frequency region of 3025–2850 and 1260–900 cm–1 were 0.9995, 0.83, and 0.64%, respectively.

Some Physico-chemical Properties of Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus Conoideus Lam) from Hexane and Chloroform Fractions

An UV spectrophotometric area under curve method was developed for the estimation of Levofloxacin Hemihydrate in its mono component tablets. The spectrophotometric method for estimation employed Area under curve method for analysis using 0.1M Sodium Hydroxide as solvent for the drug Levofloxacin Hemihydrate at the wavelength range of 285-295nm. Levofloxacin Hemihydrate obeys Beer’s law in concentration range 10-50µg/ml. The recovery studies ascertained accuracy of the proposed method and the result validated according to ICH guideline. Results of analysis have been valid statistically by recovery studies. The method was successfully for evaluation of Levofloxacin Hemihydrate in tablet dosage form without the interference of common excipients.

FTIR Spectroscopy Combined with Partial Least Square for Analysis of Red Fruit Oil in Ternary Mixture System

FTIR spectroscopy is a promising method for quantification of edible oils. Three edible oils, namely, red fruit oil (RFO), corn oil (CO), and soybean oil (SO), in ternary mixture system were quantitatively analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy in combination with partial least square (PLS). FTIR spectra of edible oils in ternary mixture were subjected to several treatments including normal spectra and their derivative. Using PLS calibration, the first derivative FTIR spectra can be exploited for determination of RFO; meanwhile, the second derivative spectra were preferred for determination of CO and SO. The values obtained for the relationship between actual and FTIR predicted values of RFO, CO, and SO were 0.9863, 0.9276, and 0.9693, respectively. The root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) values obtained were 1.59, 1.72, and 1.60% (v/v) for RFO, CO, and SO, respectively. The result showed that FTIR spectroscopy offers accurate and reliable technique for quantitative analysis of RFO, CO, and SO simultaneously in ternary mixture systems. Besides, the developed method can be extended for analysis of CO and SO as adulterants in RFO.

Application of chemometrics in combination with Fourier Transform Mid Infrared spectroscopy for authentication of avocado oil

An UV spectrophotometric area under curve method was developed for the estimation of Levofloxacin Hemihydrate in its mono component tablets. The spectrophotometric method for estimation employed Area under curve method for analysis using 0.1M Sodium Hydroxide as solvent for the drug Levofloxacin Hemihydrate at the wavelength range of 285-295nm. Levofloxacin Hemihydrate obeys Beer’s law in concentration range 10-50µg/ml. The recovery studies ascertained accuracy of the proposed method and the result validated according to ICH guideline. Results of analysis have been valid statistically by recovery studies. The method was successfully for evaluation of Levofloxacin Hemihydrate in tablet dosage form without the interference of common excipients.

Improvement method of fast and isocratic RP-HPLC analysis of major diterpene glycoside from Stevia rebaudiana leaves

Stevioside and rebaudioside A are major diterpene glycoside from Stevia rebaudiana. These compounds have similar structure and make both compounds have close polarity. The aim of this study was to improve isocratic RP-HPLC analysis to achieve a complete separation of stevioside and rebaudioside A in baseline peak. The method improved was conducted on Eurosphere C-18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) as the stationary phase. Mobile phase was made by a mixture of water-methanol (90: 10, v / v, pH = 3.0); acetonitrile, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the ratio 65: 35: 0.01 (v/v/v). Flow rate of mobile phase was 0.6 mL/min. The detection was performed in UV-210 nm. The improved method has complete separation by R > 2.00 in baseline peak. The linearity of the standard curve was obtained with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 for rebaudioside A and 0.9994 for stevioside. The percent recovery was determined by standard addition method with a mean recovery of 100.82% for rebaudioside A and 101.04% for stevioside. The rela...

Simultaneous Determination of Metamizole, Thiamin and Pyridoxin UsingUV-Spectroscopy in Combination with Multivariate Calibration

PURPOSE Analysis of drugs in multicomponent system officially is carried out using chromatographic technique, however, this technique is too laborious and involving sophisticated instrument. Therefore, UV-VIS spectrophotometry coupled with multivariate calibration of partial least square (PLS) for quantitative analysis of metamizole, thiamin and pyridoxin is developed in the presence of cyanocobalamine without any separation step. METHODS The calibration and validation samples are prepared. The calibration model is prepared by developing a series of sample mixture consisting these drugs in certain proportion. Cross validation of calibration sample using leave one out technique is used to identify the smaller set of components that provide the greatest predictive ability. The evaluation of calibration model was based on the coefficient of determination (R(2)) and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC). RESULTS The results showed that the coefficient of determination (R(2)) for the relationship between actual values and predicted values for all studied drugs was higher than 0.99 indicating good accuracy. The RMSEC values obtained were relatively low, indicating good precision. The accuracy and presision results of developed method showed no significant difference compared to those obtained by official method of HPLC. CONCLUSION The developed method (UV-VIS spectrophotometry in combination with PLS) was succesfully used for analysis of metamizole, thiamin and pyridoxin in tablet dosage form.

Determination of Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol Hydrochloride in 4FDC Tablet by FTIR Spectrophotometry in Combination with Multivariate Calibration

An UV spectrophotometric area under curve method was developed for the estimation of Levofloxacin Hemihydrate in its mono component tablets. The spectrophotometric method for estimation employed Area under curve method for analysis using 0.1M Sodium Hydroxide as solvent for the drug Levofloxacin Hemihydrate at the wavelength range of 285-295nm. Levofloxacin Hemihydrate obeys Beer’s law in concentration range 10-50µg/ml. The recovery studies ascertained accuracy of the proposed method and the result validated according to ICH guideline. Results of analysis have been valid statistically by recovery studies. The method was successfully for evaluation of Levofloxacin Hemihydrate in tablet dosage form without the interference of common excipients.

Relaxation effect of marmin on guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle via NO-independent mechanisms

Abstract Objective To investigate the relaxation mechanims of marmin on epithelium of guinea pig isolated trachea smooth muscle (TSM). Methods The study was conducted using in vitro isolated-trachea experimental. The guinea pig isolated trachea were incubated in Krebs solution-containing organ bath and supplied with a mixed gas of O 2 : CO 2 (95%:5%). Result Removal of tracheal epithelium was associated with significant increases in the potencies of histamine and methacholine to contract guinea pig TSM. The pD 2 value of histamine increased from 6.04±0.08 on epithelial-intact to 6.32±0.06 on epithelial-denuded ( P 2 value of methacholine also increased from 5.85±0.09 on epithelial-intact to 6.15±0.07 on epithelial-denuded ( P −5 mol/L) and histamine (3×10 −5 mol/L). Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2 ) through incubation with indomethacin could reduce the relaxation effect of marmin ( P Conclusions The results suggest that marmin has relaxation effect on TSM which is epithelial-dependent through the release of PGE 2 . However, nitric oxide, cGMP and β2-adrenergic-mediated relaxation were not involved.