Süheyla Altuğ Özsoy

The Pap-Smear Test Experience of Women in Turkey: A Qualitative Study

OBJECTIVE The study was planned with the purpose of examining the attitude of women who have pap-smear test for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer, factors affecting their decisions and their feelings and experiences during this period. MATERIALS AND METHODS A phenomenological method was used. Data were collected between March 2012 and April 2012 using standard and purposive samplings from 17 women. A detailed interview with women were held in their houses and recorded. The data collection tool consisted of two parts, one of which is information form with 17 questions identifying sociodemographic and cervical cancer risk factors of women and the second part is made up of semi-structured interview form with 15 alternative questions taking literature and the pap-smear test into consideration. Collected data were put into a written document. Content analysis was held by loading the documents into NVIVO 8 Statistical Programme. RESULTS The study comprised themes such as cervical risk factor, decision of taking pap-smear test, taking pap-smear test, knowledge about pap-smear test, relieving factors during pap-smear test, obstructive factors during pap-smear test, gynecological examination and feelings of women during and after pap-smear test while waiting for the results. CONCLUSIONS As women perceive gynaecological examinations differently from other examinations, they have different feelings in each process of the Pap smear test. Medical staff should advise women more clearly on the nature and advantages of the Pap-smear test.

Factors Influencing Development of Professional Values among Turkish Nursing Students

Objective: To determine the professional values of Turkish nursing students, and to explore the relationships between their characteristics. Methods: The cross-sectional study participants consisted of 416 nursing students who were studying in a nursing faculty in Western Turkey. A questionnaire was used to identify socio-demographic and educational characteristics and the Nursing Professional Values Scale- Revised (NPVS-R) was used for this study.. Results: The total mean score of the NPVS-R was found to be 99.45±1.96, and items mean score was 3.82±0.62. The NPVS-R score was significantly higher in students who were female, and who chose their profession willingly, had information about values, and who were members of a professional organization. Conclusion: The students were found to have strong professional values, and professional values affected some of the personal and educational characteristics of nursing students.

Effects of Rapid Vaccine Injection Without Aspiration and Applying Manual Pressure Before Vaccination on Pain and Crying Time in Infants

AIM To compare effects of rapid injection without aspiration and 10-second manual pressure before injection on pain severity and crying time in 4- to 6-month-old infants given the vaccine DTaP/IPV/Hib. METHODS This is a randomized double-blind controlled study. The study population included all the infants presenting for DTaP/IPV/Hib to two family health centers between April and August in 2015. The study sample included 128 infants based on confidence interval of 95% and statistical power of 80%. The sample was divided into four groups: manual pressure, rapid injection without aspiration, manual pressure combined with rapid injection without aspiration, and control groups. There were 32 infants in each group. Gender was adjusted in all groups. Stratified and block randomizations were used. RESULTS Pain severity scores and crying time during and after the injections were significantly lower in the three intervention groups than in the control group (p = .001). The lowest increase in the mean heart rate during and after the injections occurred in the rapid injection without aspiration group (p < .05). In addition, the mean oxygen saturation before, during and after the injections was significantly lower in this group than in the other groups (p < .05). However, two infants in the rapid injection without aspiration group had low oxygen saturation levels starting before the injections. In fact, mean oxygen saturations did not change across time. This suggests that lower oxygen saturation in the rapid injection without aspiration group cannot be due to vaccines or the techniques used. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Manual pressure and rapid injection without aspiration are effective and useful in relief of pain and reduction of crying time due to vaccine injections in 4- to 6-month-old infants.Aim To compare effects of rapid injection without aspiration and 10-second manual pressure before injection on pain severity and crying time in 4- to 6-month-old infants given the vaccine DTaP/IPV/Hib. Methods This is a randomized double-blind controlled study. The study population included all the infants presenting for DTaP/IPV/Hib to two family health centers between April and August in 2015. The study sample included 128 infants based on confidence interval of 95% and statistical power of 80%. The sample was divided into four groups: manual pressure, rapid injection without aspiration, manual pressure combined with rapid injection without aspiration, and control groups. There were 32 infants in each group. Gender was adjusted in all groups. Stratified and block randomizations were used. Results Pain severity scores and crying time during and after the injections were significantly lower in the three intervention groups than in the control group (p = .001). The lowest increase in the mean heart rate during and after the injections occurred in the rapid injection without aspiration group (p < .05). In addition, the mean oxygen saturation before, during and after the injections was significantly lower in this group than in the other groups (p < .05). However, two infants in the rapid injection without aspiration group had low oxygen saturation levels starting before the injections. In fact, mean oxygen saturations did not change across time. This suggests that lower oxygen saturation in the rapid injection without aspiration group cannot be due to vaccines or the techniques used. Linking Evidence to Action Manual pressure and rapid injection without aspiration are effective and useful in relief of pain and reduction of crying time due to vaccine injections in 4- to 6-month-old infants.

BİRİNCİ BASAMAK SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE ÇALIŞAN EBE VE HEMŞİRELERİN DANIŞMANLIK BECERİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Arastirma birinci basamak saglik hizmetlerinde calisan ebe ve hemsirelerin danismanlik becerilerinin incelenmesi amaciyla 1.04.2003 / 30.05.2003 tarihleri arasinda Denizli il merkezine bagli alti merkez saglik ocaginda tanimlayici olarak yapilmistir. Veriler sosyodemografik veri formu ve arastirmacilar tarafindan ilgili literatur incelenerek olusturulan danis- manlik beceri formu ile toplanmistir. Arastirmanin bagimsiz degiskenini ebe/hem- sirelerin sosyodemografik ozellikleri, bagimli degiskenlerini ise danismanlik becerilerini gerceklestirme sikliklari ve danismanlik becerilerini kendilerine uygun bulma durumlari olusturmaktadir. Arastirmada; ebe/hemsirelerin danismanlik becerilerini gerceklestirme sikliklari genel puan ortalamasi 55.0±0.72 (Min/Max: 21/63) ve danismanlik becerilerini kendilerine uygun bulma durumlarinin genel puan ortalamasi 54.3±0.64 (Min/Max: 21/63) olarak saptanmistir. Ebe/hemsirelerin her iki puan ortalamalari yas ve egitim degiskenlerinden etkilenmemektedir. Arastirma sonuclari, hemsirelerin danismanlik becerilerini gelistirmeye gereksinim duyduklarini ortaya koymaktadir.