Suk-Yoon Hong

Vibrational energy flow analysis of corrected flexural waves in Timoshenko beam - Part I: Theory of an energetic model

In this paper, an energy flow model is developed to analyze transverse vibration including the effects of rotatory inertia as well as shear distortion, which are very important in the Timoshenko beam transversely vibrating in the medium-to-high frequency ranges. The energy governing equations for this energy flow model are newly derived by using classical displacement solutions of the flexural motion for the Timoshenko beam, in detail. The derived energy governing equations are in the general form incorporating not only the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory used for the conventional energy flow model but also the Rayleigh, shear, and Timoshenko beam theories. Finally, to verify the validity and accuracy of the derived model, numerical analyses for simple finite Timoshenko beams were performed. The results obtained by the derived energy flow model for simple finite Timoshenko beams are compared with those of the classical solutions for the Timoshenko beam, the energy flow solution, and the classical solution for the Euler-Bernoulli beam with various excitation frequencies and damping loss factors of the beam. In addition, the vibrational energy flow analyses of coupled Timoshenko beams are described in the other companion paper.

Vibrational Energy Flow Analysis of Corrected Flexural Waves in Timoshenko Beam – Part II: Application to Coupled Timoshenko Beams

This paper presents the methodology for the energy flow analysis of coupled Timoshenko beam structures and various numerical applications to verify the developed methodology. To extend the application of the energy flow model for corrected flexural waves in the Timoshenko beam, which is developed in the other companion paper, to coupled structures, the wave transmission analyses of general coupled Timoshenko beam systems are performed. First, power transmission and reflection coefficients for all kinds of propagating waves in the general, coupled Timoshenko beam structures are derived by the wave transmission approach. In numerical applications, the energy flow solutions using the derived coefficients agree well with the classical solutions for various exciting frequencies, damping loss factors, and coupled Timoshenko beam structures. Additionally, the numerical results for the Timoshenko beam are compared with those for the Euler-Bernoulli beam.

Implementation of coupled mode optimal structural vibration control using approximated eigenfunctions

With the approximately normalized eigenfunctions and matching modal equations obtained in a differential form, we have implemented the structural vibration control successfully. In applying the steady-state quadratic coupled mode optimal control algorithm for the control structure, i.e. the all-clamped square plate, the non-orthogonalized extra terms are evaluated. By the suitable formulation of a control system, we could simulate the modal responses of the first six modes showing the validity of proposed modal equations and all the control procedures are considered to be reliable as a structural vibration control scheme. Modal responses for single and double actuators are observed and by changing the other control factors such as impulse position and weighting matrices we could compare the control performance. Moreover, these simulation results provide ideas on how to select the optimal number and positions of the actuators.

Investigation of noise sources in high-speed trains

In this paper, the quantification of the external noise sources in high-speed trains is discussed. A thorough understanding of the underlying causes of noise generation in high-speed trains is needed to develop effective noise control measures. However, because high-speed trains produce a complex array of sounds, it is very difficult to determine each individual source of noise. In this study, the delay-and-sum beamforming method, which uses microphone arrays, was used to separate the noise sources and analyze the sound characteristics of high-speed trains. A new microphone array with 96 microphones was designed to measure the noise produced by high-speed trains. Performance verification tests were conducted to ensure the reliability of the results obtained from the array. Then, the system was used to measure the sounds produced by Korean high-speed trains traveling at speeds between 150 and 300 km/h. Sound maps were then produced using the beamforming technique. The study determined that the majority of the noise produced by the high-speed trains originated from the front nose, bogie, pantograph and inter-coach spacing. Finally, the beampower spectra of the aerodynamic noise sources originating in the front nose, pantograph and inter-coach spacing were deduced from frequency conversion. From these results, the aerodynamic noise characteristics of the major sources of noise in high-speed trains were determined.

Vibrational energy flow models of finite orthotropic plates

In this paper energy flow models for the transverse vibration of finite orthotropic plates are developed. These models are expressed with time- and locally space-averaged far-field energy density, and show more general forms than the conventional EFA models for isotropic plates. To verify the accuracy of the developed models, numerical analyses are performed for finite rectangular plates vibrating at a single frequency, and the calculated results expressed with the energy and intensity levels are compared with those of classical models by changing the frequency and the damping.

Development of non-conservative joints in beam networks for vibration energy flow analysis

Our work aims to find a general solution for the vibrational energy flow through a plane network of beams on the basis of an energy flow analysis. A joint between two semi-infinite beams are modeled by three sets of springs and dashpots. Thus, the results can incorporate the case of complaint and non-conservative in all the three degrees of freedom. In the cases of finite coupled structures connected at a certain angle, the derived non-conservative joints and developed wave energy equation were applied. The joint properties, the frequency, the coupling angle, and the internal loss factor were changed to evaluate the proposed methods for predicting medium-to-high frequency vibrational energy and intensity distributions.

Power flow model of flexural waves in finite orthotropic plates

In this paper, an approximate power flow model is developed for the analysis of the flexural waves in finite orthotropic plate transversely vibrating in the medium-to-high frequency ranges. The derived energy equation for the model is expressed with time- and locally space-averaged farfield wave energy density. It could be the more general form than that of the conventional power flow analysis model seen in the isotropic plate. With the derived model, dynamic characteristics varying with the direction can be expressed. To verify the validity and accuracy of the model, numerical analyses are performed for the case where a finite rectangular plate is excited by a harmonic point force, and the calculated results expressed with the energy levels are compared with classical modal solutions by changing the frequency and the damping loss factor of the plate. The dominant power transmission paths in the plate are also predicted from the distribution of the approximate intensity fields.

A Study on Interior Noise Characteristics of High-speed Trains

Because excessive interior noise when riding a high-speed train leads to annoyances, fatigue and stress for passengers, interior noise reduction methods should be considered. In particular, a high-speed train operated in various operation environments, and in South Korea, these include open fields and tunnels. Therefore, a specific study about changes in interior noise characteristics according to different environments is necessary. For this reason, the interior noise characteristics on a KTX train and on the KTX-Sancheon train were analyzed from noise measurements using microphones in this paper. Vibrations on the axles, bogies and floor were also measured, are these area are structural paths for interior noise. From this research, the interior noise characteristics according to the driving speed were deduced and the effects on interior noise by driving environments such as open fields and tunnels were investigated. Furthermore, the effect on interior noise by axles, bogies and floor vibrations were analyzed from a transfer function analysis.

Energy flow boundary element method for vibration analysis of one and two dimension structures

In this paper, Energy Flow Boundary Element Method (EFBEM) was developed to predict the vibration behavior of one- and two-dimensional structures in the medium-to-high frequency ranges. Free Space Green functions used in the method were obtained from EFA energy equations. Direct and indirect EFBEMs were formulated for both one- and two-dimensional cases, and numerically applied to predict the energy density and intensity distributions of simple Euler-Bernoulli beams, single rectangular thin plates, and L-shaped thin plates vibrating in the medium-to-high frequency ranges. The results from these methods were compared with the EFA solutions to verify the EFBEM.

Noise Sources Localization on High-Speed Trains by using a Microphone Array

In this paper, noise of Korean high-speed trains (KTX) running at different speed from 150 to 300km/h was measured by a microphone array system. From the measurement, relation between maximum sound pressure levels and train moving speeds of KTX was drawn and a regression coefficient from the relation was also derived. Moreover, increases of SPL with speeds of KTX were analyzed in the frequency domain. From the analysis, sound characteristics of passing-by noise of KTX were provided. Then, dominant noise source areas were obtained from the measurements and propagation patterns of KTX in vertical direction were also investigated. Finally, noise sources of KTX were identified from inspection of noise maps.