Sumardjo

Penguatan Modal Sosial Menuju Kemandirian Perempuan Perdesaan Pelaku Industri Rumahan Emping Melinjo di Provinsi Banten

Industri rumahan selama ini kurang memiliki kemampuan untuk bersaing di pasar, disebabkan karena rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan kapabilitas terhadap penguasaan tekonologi serta akses permodalan, padahal keberadaannya memiliki posisi penting dalam perekonomian nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peran modal sosial mikro dan meso serta permasalahannya terhadap kemandirian perempuan perdesaan pelaku industri rumahan emping melinjo. Penelitian dilakukan di Provinsi Banten, dengan sampel sebanyak 453 orang, terdiri dari; 154 orang di zona industri, 147 orang di zona pertanian dan 152 orang di zona pariwisata dari 6.857 orang perempuan perdesaan pelaku industri rumahan emping melinjo. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif, one way anova, dan Struktural Equation Modeling (SEM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemandirian, tingkat kapasitas, modal sosial meso dan modal sosial mikro perempuan persdesaan berada pada kategori sedang. Model hibryd menunjukkan bahwa kemandirian perempuan perdesaan 43,0 % dipengaruhi secara langsung maupun oleh modal sosial meso, dan tingkat kapasitas, sedangkan modal sosial mikro berpengaruh melalui bekerjanya tingkat kapasitas. Tingkat kemandirian perempuan perdesaan ditentukan melalaui aspek pengambilan keputusan, kerjasama, kedinamisan usaha dan akses permodalan. Strategi peningkatan kemandirian dilakukan melalui penguatan modal sosial meso, terutama dukungan infrastruktur dan materi penyuluhan, yang memiliki pengaruh tidak langsung pada penguatan modal sosial mikro dan tingkat kapasitas perempuan perdesaan. Kata kunci : Industri rumahan emping melinjo, Modal sosial mikro, Modal sosial meso, tingkat kapasitas dan tingkat kemandirian perempuan perdesaan

Model Pengembangan Kompetensi Penyuluh Berbasis Pemanfaatan Media (Kasus Di Kabupaten Karawang dan Garut, Provinsi Jawa Barat)

The present study was to the degree of agricultural extension agents’ competency, the dominant factors influence their competency, and also to formulate the model for developing the competency of agricultural extension agents. The study used explanatory research method on 170 agricultural extension agents who work within paddy farmers area (Karawang) and within vegetable farmers area (Garut). Samples from paddy farmers area were taken by using random sampling technique, while those from vegetable farmers area were taken by using census method. Then a data verification was conducted toward 206 farmers who were the clients of the agricultural extension agents. Data collection was conducted during February to April 2009. Data were analyzed using descriptive technique and path analysis. The result of the study showed that the extent of media utilization and the agricultural extension agents’ competency tended to be at a low level. Several dominant factors influenced their their competences. Keyword: agricultural extension agents, mass media, programmed media, environmental media, competencies

Kinerja Penyuluhan di Nusa Tenggara Timur

The objectives of this research were to portray the influence of internal and external factors to the performance of the agricultural extension. The individual characrterization of the agricultural extension agents were the internal factors which assumed to influence toward the performance of agricultural extension and those other i.e the non formal extension education (diklat), the milieu, and the extension organization structure were the external factors. The respondents were selected by the random and purposive sampling method in the three regency as research area. Data analysis was done by using descriptive and Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL) program 8.72 by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) models. The results of the research showed that the non formal extension education and the extension organization structure were influenced positively and significantly to the performacen of extension (external factors), but those other were not. Key words: competence, agricultural extension agent, farmer, perception, autonomy

Motivasi dan Partisipasi Petani dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Kemiri di Kabupaten Maros Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

The existence of candlenut forest in Maros District, today, is a successfull evidence of farmers living around the forest participation. Farmers around the candlenut forest has participated in managing that forest since 1826 to meet their subsitence need. They use the candlenut fruit to be one of their household income generating. Hence, those farmers have important roles to manage and to keep that forest sustainability. Any activity, including farmers participation, will undergo enthusiatic if there is any motivation within the person doing that activity. The research intended to identify and analize the contribution of farmers’ motivation to their participation in managing and utilizing candlenut forest. The data were collected on January-Maret 2010 in Maros District, South Sulawesi Province using some methods: questionnare list, interview, observation, and documents. The data were analyzed using (1) descriptive statistics, and (2) inferensial statistics based on SEM using LISREL 8.70 software programming. The result shows that farmers’ motivation is in the middle level, but their participation in managing and utilizing candlenut forest is categorized in low level. The Farmers’ motivation, however, has a positive contribution for increasing farmers participation in managing and utilizing candlenut forest.

Strategi Pengembangan Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian dalam Pendidikan Jarak Jauh Universitas Terbuka: Kasus Alumni UT di wilayah Serang, Karawang, Cirebon, dan Tanggamus

Performance is an implementation of work. For agricultural extension agents, performances are indicators of how well they do the job. The objectives of this research were to determine the level of performances of agricultural extention agent and factors affecting them. Data were collected in July through December 2008. A survey technique was implemented among 111 agricultural extension agents who were graduated from UT and among 88 farmers in four different locations, namely Serang, Karawang, Cirebon, and Tanggamus. By using In depth interview, a qualitative information were also used in order to elaborate the findings. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and path analysis. The findings indicated that UT’s graduates had a high level in performances. Several dominant factors influenced their performances. This study suggests several strategies to increase the performances of agricultural extension agents. (Keywords: agricultural extension agents, performances, distance education).

Strategi Penyuluhan di Kawasan Konservasi (Kasus Taman Nasional Kepulauan Togean)

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan taman nasional Kepulauan Togean, (2) menganalisa peran penyuluhan dan hubungannya dengan partisipasi masyarakat, dan (3)memformulasikan strategi penyuluhan dalam meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan Taman Nasional Kepulauan Togean (TNKT). Penelitian dilaksanakan di TNKT Slawesi Tengah pada bulan Agustus-September 2008 dan Maret-April 2009. Terdapat lima variabel untuk mengukur partisipasi masyarakat dengan menggunakan analisa Structural Equation Model (SEM) dengan perangkat software LISEREL 8.30. Variabel tersebut adalah karakteristik internal, proses penyuluhan, faktor lingkungan, kapasitas dan partisipasi masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses penyuluhan berpengaruh nyata pada kapasitas masyarakat. Kapasitas masyarakat berpengaruh nyata terhadap partisipasi mereka dalam pengelolaan TNKT. Strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi adalah memperbaiki proses penyuluhan yang partisipatif yang memungkinkan masyarakat ikut serta dalam pengambilan keputusan mengenai pengelolaan TNKT. Kata Kunci: penyuluhan, partisipasi masyarakat dan taman nasional

Perilaku Masyarakat dalam Pelestarian Hutan Mangrove di Kabupaten Pangkep Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

Mangrove forest is one natural resource which essential for the life of living creatures that lives on its surrounding. The existence of mangrove forests has become an integral part of the lives of coastal communities; hence the existence of mangrove forests should be maintained and preserved. Mangrove forest sustainability cannot be separated from the behavior of the people who live around that forest. The objective of this research was (1) to examine the behavior of the coastal communities conserving mangrove forests, (2) to examine the factors related to coastal communities’ behavior in managing and conserving mangrove forest. The populations were the 100 heads of fisherman households taken from Tekolabbua and Pundata Baji Village of Pangkep District. This research was correlational research. This data was analyzed using Spearman Rank correlation by using SPSS programming. The result shows that the behavior of coastal communities in the preservation Pangkep mangrove forests is in the middle level. Factors related to this are behavior is the intensity of extension activities and environmental support.Keywords: coastal community behavior, managing and conserving mangrove forests

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keberdayaan petani Sayuran Organik di Kabupaten Agam dan Tanah Datar, Provinsi Sumatera Barat

This study aims to analyze the empowerment level of the organic vegetable farmers as well as the related factors. The study was conducted in Agam and Tanah Datar, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The sample consisted of 300 vegetable farmers having attended the program of organic vegetable development in West Sumatra. The primary and secondary data were collected from September 2013 to January 2014. The analysis was performed by using the descriptive analysis and the Spearman Rank correlation. The research result shows that the empowerment level of the organic vegetable farmers in Tanah Datar and Agam is categorised low. Meanwhile, the factors related to the empowerment level of the farmers are the internal characteristics of the farmer, the intensity of extension, and the support the external environment.

PEMBERDAYAAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PEJABAT STRUKTURAL PEMERINTAH: Kasus di Bidang Kepegawaian di Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan Provinsi DI Yogyakarta

The civil service management had to change its paradigm in appointing the structural goverment officials (SGO)’s so far the work achievement of goverment structural officials was still low. In conjunction with this, the objectives of this research were: (1) To evaluate the level of empowerment, internal organization characteristics, motivation and competency of SGO; (2) To determine the factors that influence the empowerment, competence and motivation of SGO; and (3) To formulate the model for increasing the structural geverment officials (SGO) competency. This research was accomphlished in DKI Jakarta and DI Yogyakarta. This research was a census, 163 government structural officials were interviewed. The research results pointed out that: (1) The levels of empowerment, attitudes, motivation and competency of every officials interviewed were good. Additionally, their nonformal education and organization technology was also good. (2) The non formal education, attitudes and mastering of organization technology were related to the SGO empowerment; (3) The empowerment and the motivation of SGO were significantly related to their competencies; (4) The SGO empowerment was related to the SGO motivation. Based upon these fundings, it could be concluced that all factors investigated were related to the empowerment, and on the other hand the empowerment was related to the SGO motivation and competency.