Sung Seo

A Cold-Tolerant and Medium-Maturing Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) New Variety, `Kowinmaster`

This experiment was carried out to breed a cold-tolerant variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon from 1999 to 2006. ew variety, Kowinmaster as a diploid variety was light-green in leaf color and had medium and semi-erect growth habit in late autumn and early spring, respectively. Kowinmaster was 13th May in heading date as a medium-maturing variety. Especially, Kowinmaster was similar to Florida 80 in flag leaf width, longer 3cm in flag leaf length and longer 6cm in plant length than those of control variety, Florida 80, respectively. Stem width of Kowinmaster was similar to that of Florida 80. Cold tolerance of Kowinmaster was better than that of Florida 80. Dry matter yield (9,521 kg/ha) of Kowinmaster was 2% more than that of Florida 80. Feed value of Kowinmaster was 12.1% in crude protein, 70.9% in In vitro dry matter digestibility and 32.9% in acid detergent fiber that were similar to those of Florida 80, respectively, but in neutral detergent fiber, Kowimaster was 56.0% that was 1% lower than that of Florida 80.

A Cold-Tolerant and Early-Maturing Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) New Variety, `Kospeed`

This experiment was carried out to breed the cold-tolerant variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan from 1999 to 2005. New variety, `Kospeed` is a diploid variety with green in leaf color, and has semi-erect and erect growth habit in late autumn and early spring, respectively. `Kospeed` was on 1 May in heading date as a early-maturing variety. Also `Kospeed` was wider by 0.2mm in flag leaf width, longer by 1cm in flag leaf length and shorter by 1cm in plant length than those of `Florida 80`, respectively. Stem width of `Kospeed` was similar to that of `Florida 80` and `Hwasan 101`. Cold tolerance of `Kospeed` was better than that of `Florida 80`. Dry matter (DM) yield (13,257kg/ha) of `Kospeed` was similar to that of `Florida 80`. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) of `Kospeed` were 73.2% and 65.3% which are 2.1% and 1.7% higher than those of `Florida 80`, respectively. Acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of `Kospeed` were 29.1% and 53.1% which are 2.1% and 2.3% lower than those of `Florida 80`, respectively.

Study on Summer Forage Crop Cultivation Using SCB (Slurry Composting-Biofilteration) Liquid Fertilizer on Reclaimed Land

Until now, The experiment about the forage crop have been almost not conducted on the reclaimed land. Therefore, this experiment was carried out in order to know productivity of summer forage crop using slurry composting-biofilteration (SCB) liquid fertilizer on reclaimed land of Hwaong and Sukmoon in korea from 2008 to 2009. The forage crops used in this experiment were corn and sorghum×sorghum hybrid which are used as summer forage crops in South Korea. The experiment was treated with chemical fertilizer (CF), swine slurry (SS) and SCB liquid fertilizer. Dry matter (DM) yield of corn was higher than those of sorghum × sorghum hybrid in both reclaimed lands but the effect of SCB liquid fertilizer was not appeared. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of corn were lower than those of sorghum × sorghum hybrid. The crude protein (CP) content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of corn were higher than those of sorghum × sorghum hybrid. In generally feed values of corn were higher than those of sorghum × sorghum hybrid. The results of this study showed that summer forage crop cultivation using uses SCB liquid fertilizer on reclaimed land are possible.

Effects of Inoculants on the Quality of Round Baled Grass Silage

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of microbial inoculant on the quality of round baled grass silage at experimental field of Grassland and Forages Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon from 1997 to 1998. The experiment was consist of randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were three different inoculant (control, inoculant A, B and C). The contents of ether extract(EE), crude protein(CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) in inoculant treatment plots were higher than those in control. Silages treated by Inoculant A, Band C had significantly lower acidity than that of control silage (p

Dry Matter Yield and Forage Quality at Mixture of Annual Legumes and Italian ryegrass on Paddy Field

This experiment was conducted to compare the dry matter yield and forage quality according to the seed mixture of annual legumes and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, IRG) on paddy field at the experimental field of Jeollanam-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services from 2007 to 2008. The five treatments used in this experiment were IRG single (cv. Kowinearly), IRG+Chinese milk vetch mixture, IRG + Crimson clover (cv. Linkarus) mixture, IRG + Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum subsp. arvense cv. forage Pea) mixture and IRG + Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa. cv. Oregon Common) mixture. And the mixing ratio of Italian ryegrass + annual legumes were 70 : 30 as based mono seed rate. The dry matter (DM) percentage at harvest was 23.6~26.8%. The DM percentage among IRG single and mixture treatments were similar. The yields of fresh and CP were high in IRG + Forage pea mixtures as a 40,100 kg and 625 kg per ha, respectively (p<0.05). The yields of dry matter were high in IRG + Forage pea and IRG + hairy vetch pea mixtures as a 9,470 kg and 9,500 kg per ha, respectively (p<0.05). But the forage quality did not show difference between Italian ryegrass mono-culture and annual legumes mixture. The Av. P2O5 in IRG+Forage pea mixture was 78 mg/kg and concentration of K were 0.52~0.88. In conclusion, the mixture of IRG and Forage pea, dry matter yield, protein yield increased, and was effective in enhancing the stability of cultivation. (Key words : Italian ryegrass (IRG), Chinese milk vetch, Crimson clover Forage pea, Hairy vetch, Mixture)

Forage Productivity and Quality of Domestic Italian Ryegrass and Barley Varieties

Sung Seo, Won Ho Kim, Ki Yong Kim, Gi Jun Choi, Hee Chung Ji, Sang Hoon Lee,Ki Won Lee and Meing Jooung KimABSTRACTThis study was carried out to determine the forage production and quality of Italian ryegrass(IRG) and forage barley developed by Korea in Suwon, 2009’10. The nine treatments were two IRG varieties (Kowinearly with early maturity and Kowinmaster with medium maturity), five barley varieties(Youngyang, Wooho, Yuyeon, Dami and Youho), and two mixtures(Kowinearly+Yuyeon and Kowinmaster+Yuyeon). The heading dates of Kowinearly and Kowinmaster were 14 May and 18 May, respectively. The growth stage of barley investigated at 22 May were late milk in Youngyang and Wooho, early dough in Dami and early to medium dough in Yuyeon and Youho. Plant length of IRG in IRG+barley mixtures was 117118cm, which was longer than those of IRG monoculture of 98101cm, and no lodging was found in mixtures. The dry matter(DM) percentage at harvest was 20.725.4% in all treatments. The botanical composition of IRG in mixtures was 43.1%. The percentage of spike per barley plant was become high according to progressed maturity, as a 35.7%, 44.1%, 54.8% and 57.2% in late milk, dough, yellowish and full ripeness stage, respectively, and the spike percentages of Youngyang and Wooho were tends to high. The crude protein(CP) content of IRG as 9.010.0% was higher than that of barley(7.08.5%), and the contents of NDF and ADF of barley were lower than those of IRG, and in vitro DM digestibility were 64.4% in Kowinearly, 64.1% in Kowinmaster, 64.5% in mixture, and 60.2%(Youho) to 66.4%(Wooho) in barley. The yields of DM, CP and in vitro digestible DM were high in Kowinmaster+barley mixture as a 11,508kg, 1,046kg and 7,422kg per ha, respectively(p<0.05). However, no significant differences in forage yield were observed among cultivar of IRG, and barley, although Wooho was tends to high in digestibility and forage yield among five barley varieties. In conclusion, the mixture cultivation of IRG Kowinmaster+forage barley was recommended, because of preventing of IRG lodging, higher plant length of IRG, increasing of forage yield, and stable production. Selection of suitable winter forage species and variety for district, climate environment, and utilization type of farm was also important.(Key words: Forage production, Mixtures, Nutritive value, Cultivar, Winter forage)

Comparison of Growth Characteristics and Yields of Autumn-Sowing Annual Legumes in Paddy Field of Central Provinces

This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics, flowering condition and productivity of introduced annual legumes at paddy field of Seonghwan(Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea) from September 2006 to May 2007. Annual legumes used in this study were hairy vetch(Vicia villsa, Rosa), crimson clover(Trifolium incarnatum, Contea), berseem clover(Trifolium alexandrinum, Alexandria), persian clover(Trifolium resupinatum, Prolific), balansa clover(Trifolium michelianum, Paradona), sweet clover(Melilotus officinalis, Yellow) and forage pea(Pisum sativum, Austrian). Emergency rate after seeding were 90% or more in crimson clover, hairy vetch, forage pea and berseem clover. Wintering of hairy vetch and crimson clover were excellent as 98% and 95%, respectively. Flowering rate of harvesting date(May 10) was 100% in crimson clover, 98% in balansa clover, 5% in persian clover and others were not flowering. Fresh and dry matter yield of crimson clover were highest as 72,556 kg/ha and 16,062 kg/ha, respectively. Crude protein yield of hairy vetch was highest as 2,929 kg/ha but not significant with crimson clover(2,169 kg/ha). TDN yield of crimson clover was highest as 9,007 kg/ha but not significant with hairy vetch(7,366 kg/ha). According to the results from this study, it is suggested that crimson clover would be recommendable for autumn-sowing annual legume at paddy field of Central Provinces.

Effect of Livestock Manure Application on the Productivity of Whole Crop Rice, Feed Value and Soil Fertility

The experimental work was conducted to determine the growth characteristics and yield of whole crop rice (cv. Suwon 468 and cv. Chuchungbeo) and soil properties using various type of livestock manure application on rice paddy land for 3 years (). Compared Suwon 468 and Chuchungbeo, Suwon 468 has longer plant height and more DM yield than that of Chuchungbeo. Among livestock manure type, plant height was longer in order of liquid swine manure (LSM) > composted swine manure (CSM) > chemical fertilizer (CF) > composted cattle manure (CCM). Number of branch on Chuchungbeo had more than that of Suwon 468. Among livestock manure type, number of branch had more in order of LSM > CSM > CF > CCM. DM yield of whole crop rice (WCR) was affected by various types of livestock manure application and increased in order CSM > CCM

Utilization Survey and Forage Quality of Phragmites communis and Native Grasses in Haenam, Pyeongchang and Wonju Regions, 2010

ABSTRACTThis study was carried out in 2010 to investigate the utilization and forage quality of native grasses, such as Phragmites communis which might reduce the cost of feeding domestic cattle. The regions surveyed were the Haenam ranch in Haenam, Pyeongchang, Wonju, and Yeonggwang. In Haenam, yearly silage production harvested from 300ha was 2,000MT(7MT/ha). All of those round bale silages were self-consumed in that region, and marketing price was 50,00055,000won per roll(110won/kg). Phragmites communis of 150cm in length contained 8.4% crude protein(CP) with relative feed value(RFV) 71.9 and 60.1% in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD), which was somewhat more favorable than forage quality of rice straw. The silage quality of Phragmites communis varied greatly by the time of harvest(CP 4.76.4%, RFV 62.278.9, and IVDMD 41.953.9%), even with the same district and of the same original forage materials. Generally, the quality of Phragmites communis silage of was poorer than that of sorghum×sudangrass hybrid. In Pyeongchang, forage quality of Phragmites communis was decreased from 13.9% to 7.6% in CP, 90.7 to 76.1 in RFV, and 72.9% to 54.7% in IVDMD, as plant was getting mature, from 79cm to 117cm, 121cm or to 142cm in length. In Wonju, the quality values of Phragmites communis of 130cm in length were 8.5% CP, 82.3 RFV and 70.2% IVDMD, while those of matured grasses of 220cm in length were lower(10.2% CP, 65.1 RFV and 48.9% IVDMD), but this was a little more favorable than quality of rice straw. In Yeonggwang, feeding Phragmites communis was tried in a Hanwoo feed, but stopped due to low profitability. In conclusion, the overall quality of most native grasses including Phragmites communis in this survey was poor. Therefore, we recommend that Phragmites communis and native grasses should be harvested on June or July to obtain richer forage quality in forage values than rice straw. (Key words:Reed, Wild grasses, Forage production, Harvest stage, Silage, Profit)

Studies on Utilization Survey and Forage Quality of Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sinensis as Native Grasses in Paju and Ansan District, 2010

This study was carried out in 2010 to investigate the utilization and nutritive value of native grasses, such as Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sinensis which might reduce the cost of feeding domestic cattle. The regions within the Civilian Control Line in Paju and Sihwa region in Ansan were surveyed. In Paju, the yearly silage production was 900 MT harvested from 90 ha (10 MT/ha). About 30~50% of these were sold out at the marketing price of 52,000~55,000 Won per roll (130~137.5 Won/kg). Regrown Miscanthus sinensis of 70 cm in length contained 9.6% of crude protein (CP), 82.4 of relative feed value (RFV), and 67.7% of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Regrown Phragmites communis of 70 cm in length contained 13.8% of CP, 84.3 of RFV, and 67.9% of IVDMD. As harvesting was delayed, the quality was decreased dramatically. In Ansan region, Phragmites communis plantation covers 100 ha. The silage production was 550 MT from the area of 50 ha (11 MT/ha) in 2009. And the marketing price was 50,000 Won per roll. But in 2010 only a small amount of grasses could have been baled due to frequent and much rainfall from spring to summer season. However, the good forage quality was observed from regrown Phragmites communis of 80 cm in length, 12.9% CP, 99.8 RFV and 66.6% IVDMD, while that of late matured grasses was very low, 2.2% CP, 52.9 RFV and 36.4% IVDMD, greatly lower than forage quality of rice straw. The quality of grasses at bloom stage of 150 cm in length was similar to that of rice straw, showing 4.5% CP, 59.9 RFV and 42.2% IVDMD. In conclusion, the overall quality of most native grasses in this survey were very poor. Therefore, we recommend that Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sinensis should be harvested during June or July to obtain better forage quality which is richer in forage values than rice straw. Production of high quality forage crops was also desirable for self sufficiency of forage.