Susana Alicia Salceda

Brief communication: Restricted geographic distribution for Y-Q* paragroup in South America.

We analyzed 21 paragroup Q* Y chromosomes from South American aboriginal and urban populations. Our aims were to evaluate the phylogenetic status, geographic distribution, and genetic diversity in these groups of chromosomes and compare the degree of genetic variation in relation to Q1a3a haplotypes. All Q* chromosomes from our series and five samples from North American Q* presented the derivate state for M346, that is present upstream to M3, and determined Q1a3* paragroup. We found a restrictive geographic distribution and low frequency of Q1a3* in South America. We assumed that this low frequency could be reflecting extreme drift effects. However, several estimates of gene diversity do not support the existence of a severe bottleneck. The mean haplotype diversity expected was similar to that for South American Q1a3* and Q1a3a (0.478 and 0.501, respectively). The analysis of previous reports from other research groups and this study shows the highest frequencies of Q* for the West Corner and the Grand Chaco regions of South America. At present, there is no information on whether the phylogenetic status of Q* paragoup described in previous reports is similar to that of Q1a3* paragroup though our results support this possibility.

Protein-energy malnutrition contributes to increased structural chromosomal alteration frequencies in Argentinean children

The relationship between protein-energy malnutrition and genetic damage has been studied in human beings and laboratory animals, but results are still conflicting. The aim of the present study was to assess the induction of structural chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children with primary protein-energy malnutrition. A case-control study was performed. Samples were obtained from 25 primary malnourished infants (mean age, 22 months; range, 1-66 months). The control group consisted of 25 eutrophic children from the same population who were matched 1:1 by age and sex. Anthropometric and clinic evaluations were performed to assess nutritional condition. Before blood collection, we interviewed each individuals parent to complete a semi-structural survey specifying age, dietary habits, viral or bacterial diseases; previous exposure to diagnostic x-rays; and use of therapeutic drugs. After 48 hours, 100 cultured lymphocytes were analyzed per patient. Statistical analysis was performed using the Epi Dat 3.0 program (P < or = .05). The chromosomal aberration frequency was nearly 7 times higher in malnourished infants than in controls (14.61% vs 2.2%, respectively). This difference was statistically significant (P < .001) and may be explained by the occurrence of achromatic lesions, breaks, and telomeric associations. DNA damage could be attributed to several factors: severe deficiency of essential nutrients (ie zinc, iron, and vitamin A) required in the synthesis of DNA maintenance factors; deterioration of repair mechanisms allowing the persistence of an unusually high number of structural chromosomal aberrations; and/or the absence of specific factors needed to protect the cell against oxidative DNA damage.

Crecimiento y nutrición de la población infanto-adolescente de Azampay (Catamarca)

Durante las Sextas Jornadas Nacionales de Antropologia Biologica, llevadas a cabo entre el 8 y el 11 de octubre de 2003, en Catamarca, tuvo lugar la Mesa de Trabajo sobre Ensenanza de la Antropologia Biologica, coordinada por la Dra. Delia Lomaglio, de la que participaron docentes e investigadores pertenecientes a universidades de las regiones Norte Grande, Centro y Patagonia de Argentina y colegas extranjeros de Espana y Uruguay. Los temas tratados fueron: 1. Analisis del estado actual de la ensenanza de la Antropologia Biologica en general y su relacion con otras disciplinas y en los diferentes niveles educativos. 2. Insercion de la Antropologia Biologica en carreras antropologicas. 3. Insercion de la Antropologia Biologica en carreras no antropologicas (Ciencias Sociales, Ciencias Naturales, Ciencias Humanas). 4. Banco de Antropologos Biologos.