Susanne Pinheiro Costa e Silva

As representações sociais da saúde e de seus cuidados para homens e mulheres idosos

Este estudo objetivou identificar as representacoes sociais de saude e cuidados em saude para homens e mulheres idosas. Participaram da pesquisa 40 pessoas, sendo 20 mulheres e 20 homens com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio do teste de associacao livre de palavras e entrevista. As representacoes sociais de saude e de cuidados em saude para as mulheres permearam tres nucleos de sentido: a saude prejudicada e condicionada a cuidados medicos; a saude tranquila como efeito de disciplina e habitos saudaveis; e os cuidados (orientados) em saude. Assim, a saude era algo que deveria ser monitorada por profissionais especializados, bem como por cuidados geralmente prescritos e orientados nas consultas. Ja os homens representaram os termos em dois nucleos: a saude exige cuidados; e a saude e cuidada atraves de atividades. Dessa forma, eles avaliaram que a saude necessitava de certos cuidados, em especial os alimentares e exercicios fisicos, embora nao se percebessem necessitados de outros cuidados. Conclui-se que as representacoes sociais de saude e de cuidados em saude diferiram entre os grupos, o que pode indicar que questoes de genero interferem na construcao dessas representacoes. Tambem e enfatizada a urgencia em melhorar as acoes educativas que visem a promocao da saude, com estrategias que minimizem o impacto das acoes curativistas nos idosos como um todo.

Epidemiological aspects of leprosy in Juazeiro-BA, from 2002 to 2012

BACKGROUND Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, able to infect large numbers of people. This work is relevant to Juazeiro-BA, a hyper-endemic area for leprosy, since unravel the behavior of the disease in the area, may suggest the decision making for sectors of surveillance, establishing strategies, organizing and evaluating programs and services. OBJECTIVES To analyze the epidemiology of leprosy in Juazeiro-BA, from 2002 to 2012. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted based in data of the Diseases Notification System, assigned by the service of Epidemiology from Juazeiro-BA, between 2002 and 2012. RESULTS 1,916 new cases of leprosy were detected between 2002 and 2012, of which 921 (48.07%) represented male sex, 995 (51.93%) female, and there was a reduction in the incidence rate of leprosy per 100,000 inhabitants. Most carriers were brown individuals, with low levels of education, living in the urban area, being more prevalent in the economically active age group. Through statistical analysis we found that there are more chances of developing sequelae among men, and multibacillary individuals older than 45 years. CONCLUSIONS The work serves to direct efforts to control this disease, and highlights the importance of active search for new cases to achieve an early diagnosis, reducing the number of sequels and allowing breaking the chain of disease transmission.

Significado da doença para mulheres com hanseníase

Aim: to analyze the meaning of leprosy for 28 women who were diagnosed with this disease and under medical supervision in an infectology service located in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. Method: the data were collected through individual interviews and its processing happened in virtue of content analysis technique. Results: the verbal reports revealed that the disease caused changes in daily life in familiar, professional and economic aspects. The disease also affected the body image that women had about themselves, which indicated that prejudice is still present in social and familial relations. Multidrug therapy was seen as something positive, but it caused much discomfort and some women did not feel really cured at the end of the treatment. Conclusion: Leprosy affects the lives of women in different aspects and economically disadvantaged people are more vulnerable to the disease.

VIVÊNCIA DAS MÃES NA TRANSIÇÃO PARA O DESMAME NATURAL

Introduction: Physiological weaning should be part of actions to encourage breastfeeding practices. It concludes the breastfeeding cycle, focusing on its importance for the physical and emotional health to the mother and child. Objective: Understand the experience of mothers who choose natural/physiological weaning. Patients and Methods: The Research Ethics Committee approved this qualitative descriptive research (opinion 1.230.832). The study included eight mothers aged 18 or over, nursing mother and with infant attending childcare, aged one or over. The instrument used to collect data was semi-structured interviews. The research was interrupted after saturation of the empirical material and treated according to Bardin content analysis. Results: In the participants’ statements, four categories were recurrently presented: Factors that lead mothers to continue breastfeeding their children; Social influences received; Pretension of mothers in breastfeeding, and Participation of health professionals. These categories resulted from a previous categorization of the analyzed content, which synthesize the experience of the natural/ physiological weaning. Conclusion: Mothers are aware of the importance of breastfeeding for the health of the child and for the construction of an emotional bond. Thus, they give preference for the continuity of breastfeeding until the child is prepared to weaning, adopting a personal decision, not accepting interferences from friends, family members, and/or health professionals. Descriptors: Breast Feeding; Weaning; Health.

Parto normal ou cesariana? Fatores que influenciam na escolha da gestante

Aim: to know the factors that influence the decision of the parturition mode of pregnant women attending Juazeiro-Bahia, Health Unit. Method: qualitative research if character exploratory-descriptive, developed with pregnant women followed in the Family Health Unit of Juazeiro-BA, conducted between March and June, 2010. Twelve pregnant women, with aged over 18 years, participated in the semi-structured interviews. For the categorization of the material, it was used content analysis. Results: most of them opted for normal parturition because has a rapid recovery. Previous experience influenced in parturition choice, whether herself or others. Among the influences reported, stood his mother, health professionals and the media. Noted that the information given in prenatal were unsatisfactory. Final Thoughts: it emphasizes the importance of access to a care quality prenatal, with actions that provide safe choices, clarifying doubts and reassures of the future mother, reassuring her to the time of parturition.

Representações de idosos sobre a vacina da gripe

Este artigo introduz uma discussao sobre a historia e o uso dos conceitos de risco e seguranca, aplicados ao sentido da missao policial. O texto que se desenvolve de forma ensaistica, mostra como ambos os termos se desenvolveram no âmbito da constituicao das sociedades modernas e industriais. Os autores partem da hipotese de que a estrutura organizacional da policia em varias partes do mundo continua com a mesma logica com que foi criada ao longo dos seculos XVIII e XIX e que esse formato esta em crise: seja porque o conceito de risco e sua gestao atual se tornaram muito mais abrangentes; seja porque o conceito de seguranca tambem se aprofundou e ampliou, fugindo ao âmbito da instituicao policial. A crise dos aparatos policiais e uma questao internacional e os autores a exemplificam com o caso da Franca. Retomando o pensamento de autores importantes na area sociologica, os autores colocam em pauta o debate sobre algumas questoes que consideram urgentes: reformulacao da amplitude dos conceitos de risco e de seguranca para compreensao da missao policial; valorizacao do policial dentro e fora das corporacoes; revisao sobre o peso da rigidez hierarquica ou da inflexibilidade na sua carreira, numa sociedade plural e flexivel.This study sought to understand the social representations of health and immunization for elderly individuals vaccinated and unvaccinated with influenza vaccine. The theoretical benchmark adopted was the Theory of Social Representations of a qualitative nature. The research was carried out with thirty elderly individuals, fifteen of whom were vaccinated against influenza and fifteen who were not. Individual interviews were conducted using a questionnaire for characterization and the Free Word Association of Test (TALP) as data collection instruments and analysis was conducted using Central Nucleus Theory. TALP data revealed differences between the representations for the elderly of the two groups. Those vaccinated considered health as being synonymous with well-being, permitting the conduct of daily activities and immunization as something that protects them from various evils. However, those who remained unvaccinated defined health as a product of divine will and immunization as something that protects, but has side effects, which discouraged them from taking it. The study indicated the importance of health education and demystification of misconceptions about vaccines, since healthy habits must be increasingly encouraged, thereby reducing the high rates of preventable morbidity and mortality.