Maria Cristina Smith Menandro

Pais adolescentes: vivência e significação

Changes occurred in the life of teenage fathers and the meaning of fatherhood and motherhood for these adolescents were investigated. Eight participants sixteen to twenty-one years old were interviewed with directions focusing: changes arising of paternity; meanings of fatherhood and motherhood; parental practices. Among the changes referred figured the loss of freedom and the insertion in the job market. For them, to be a father means, mainly, to work to provide the needs of the child and also to educate, give comfort and attention. The mother is the one who cares and caresses, makes sacrifices and is the most important figure in the childs life. The most mentioned parental practices were related with leisure and play. The data indicate the permanence of a strong link with the traditional parenting models, although an emergence of significant affective relations between parents and children was also detected.

Saúde mental na estratégia saúde da família: revisão da literatura brasileira

A Estrategia Saude da Familia orienta a organizacao da Atencao Primaria a Saude no Brasil e inclui importantes congruencias programaticas com a Reforma Psiquiatrica. Os principios de territorializacao e acompanhamento longitudinal devem favorecer a construcao de acoes inovadoras de promocao, prevencao e reabilitacao em saude mental. O objetivo desta revisao foi analisar os principais temas da literatura cientifica brasileira sobre saude mental na Estrategia Saude da Familia. Foram lidos os titulos de 267 artigos, publicados entre 1999 e 2009, e 38 artigos foram selecionados, segundo criterios especificos, para analise tematica. A literatura abordou os temas da demanda em saude mental, das percepcoes e praticas dos profissionais e da insercao do psicologo na Atencao Primaria. Os estudos revisados apontaram problemas como visoes estereotipadas sobre os transtornos mentais, predominância da logica manicomial, ausencia de registros, fluxos, estrategias, apoio qualificado as familias e de integracao em rede. A meta-analise qualitativa indicou questoes que podem fomentar o debate sobre o topico e a realizacao de outras pesquisas, bem como a reflexao sobre a atuacao profissional na interface entre Saude Mental e Saude da Familia.

As representações sociais da saúde e de seus cuidados para homens e mulheres idosos

Este estudo objetivou identificar as representacoes sociais de saude e cuidados em saude para homens e mulheres idosas. Participaram da pesquisa 40 pessoas, sendo 20 mulheres e 20 homens com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio do teste de associacao livre de palavras e entrevista. As representacoes sociais de saude e de cuidados em saude para as mulheres permearam tres nucleos de sentido: a saude prejudicada e condicionada a cuidados medicos; a saude tranquila como efeito de disciplina e habitos saudaveis; e os cuidados (orientados) em saude. Assim, a saude era algo que deveria ser monitorada por profissionais especializados, bem como por cuidados geralmente prescritos e orientados nas consultas. Ja os homens representaram os termos em dois nucleos: a saude exige cuidados; e a saude e cuidada atraves de atividades. Dessa forma, eles avaliaram que a saude necessitava de certos cuidados, em especial os alimentares e exercicios fisicos, embora nao se percebessem necessitados de outros cuidados. Conclui-se que as representacoes sociais de saude e de cuidados em saude diferiram entre os grupos, o que pode indicar que questoes de genero interferem na construcao dessas representacoes. Tambem e enfatizada a urgencia em melhorar as acoes educativas que visem a promocao da saude, com estrategias que minimizem o impacto das acoes curativistas nos idosos como um todo.

Das categorias aos grupos sociais: representações sociais dos grupos urbano e rural

This study was guided by reflections centred n the relation between the elaboration of the representational field and the process of social identification, in relation to rurality and urbanity. Two objects, which are part of the relevant social categories and their related social groups, “rural people” and “city people”, were utilized for this end. The corpora of data, which was processed by using the EVOC-2003 software, was collected from interviews with 200 members, representing four generations of a rural community, and aged from 07 to 81 years old, by means of free association. The results indicated that representations of the ingroup are based on positive stereotypes while representations of the outgroup reflect a negative image of townspeople, a dynamic which suggests an evaluative field supported by the ideology of, respectively, a group with humanitarian values as opposed to a group identified with the capitalist values. The function of the representational field in maintaining the positive social identity of the rural group is discussed.As reflexoes que conduziram o estudo focalizaram a referencia entre a elaboracao do campo representacional e o processo de identificacao social referentes a ruralidade e a urbanidade. Esse proposito serviu-se de dois objetos que integram as categorias sociais de interesse e os grupos sociais vinculados, pessoas do meio rural e pessoas da cidade. Os corpora de dados, processados atraves do software EVOC- 2003, foram coletados por meio da tecnica da associacao livre a partir de entrevistas com 200 integrantes de quatro geracoes de uma comunidade rural, com idades entre 07 e 81 anos. Os resultados indicaram que as representacoes sobre o endogrupo estao fundamentadas em estereotipos positivos, enquanto as representacoes sobre o exogrupo retratam a imagem dos citadinos como negativa, dinâmica que sugere um campo valorativo sustentado na ideologia, respectivamente, de um grupo com valores humanitarios versus um grupo referenciado por valores capitalistas. Discute-se a funcao identitaria do campo representacional para a manutencao da identidade social positiva do grupo rural.

Oficina de orientação profissional em uma escola pública: uma abordagem Psicossocial

O objetivo deste artigo e relatar uma intervencao com orientacao profissional realizada em uma escola publica de ensino medio, com estudantes do 3o ano (17 a 20 anos de idade). A oficina foi conduzida em oito encontros semanais, com duracao de duas horas cada, e partiu de um enfoque psicossocial, com base em uma avaliacao critica da sociedade e do trabalho e com o objetivo de ampliar a consciencia dos individuos sobre o contexto escolar, familiar e laboral que os cerca, favorecendo a atitude de participacao ativa frente aos diversos determinantes da escolha profissional. Neste artigo, descrevemos os procedimentos utilizados, incluindo tecnicas de grupo e questionarios abertos, com enfoque qualitativo, criados especificamente para a intervencao. Debatemos, com os participantes, o cotidiano escolar e as ideias naturalizadas sobre o sucesso pessoal. Apresentamos e discutimos informacoes objetivas sobre cursos e profissoes, e envolvemos os estudantes em uma atividade de pesquisa sobre profissoes, realizada por meio de entrevistas. Ao final da intervencao, os estudantes relataram maior seguranca frente aos planos de futuro e a escolha profissional e avaliaram positivamente a oficina proposta.Abstract : The aim of this paper is to describe a vocational guidance workshop that took place in a Brazilian public high school, with students of the 3rd year (17 to 20 years old). The workshop had eight sessions, two hours each. It was based on a psychosocial approach, including a critical point of view about society and work. Its main objective was to expand the individuals’ consciousness about the surrounding context (school, family, work) and to foster an attitude of active participation towards the determinants of professional choice. In this paper, we describe the workshop procedures, including group techniques and open qualitative questionnaires, designed specifically for the workshop. Together with the students, we discussed the following subjects: school experiences, ideals of personal success and the characteristics of some professions. We also asked the students to do research about the professions using interviews. After the workshop, the students reported that they were more confident about their future plans and more prepared to make a professional choice.

E quando os estudantes pedem mais disciplina?: Estudo de caso e reflexões sobre autonomia e vida escolar

The aim of this paper is to discuss the social role of school considering the students’ experiences and their perceptions of the school rules. We relate a case study based on interviews with two high-school female students. In this interview, they both criticize the school procedures and ask for more strict rules and discipline. In our analysis, we examine the history of school as a disciplinary institution, and we also discuss the meaning attributed by the students to school experiences, family, adolescence, school rules and professional future. We interpret their request for more discipline regarding not only the social-historical context but also the student’s social practices and subjective meanings. We claim that educators must consider those subjective meanings and that school practices must include psychosocial analysis in order to enhance the autonomy of teachers and students. Finally, we conclude that school must sustain its authority and, at the same time, it must be open to understand and to incorporate differences.

REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE PSICÓLOGO PARA JOVENS ESTUDANTES (Social representations of the psychologist for young students)

Resumo Essa pesquisa objetivou analisar as Representacoes Sociais (RS) de psicologo para estudantes do ensino medio. Foi desenvolvida em duas etapas: 1) sob a perspectiva estrutural, aplicacao de questionario a 61 estudantes (42 meninas e 19 meninos) com o termo indutor “ psicologo” ; 2) sob a perspectiva processual, realizacao de Grupos Focais (GF) com 9 estudantes (8 meninas e 1 menino). Analisou-se as questoes de evocacao pelo software EVOC e as demais, por analise tematica. O elemento ajuda constituiu o possivel nucleo central da estrutura das RS, enquanto os GF indicaram o processo de constituicao de novos saberes sobre psicologo e concomitantemente confirmaram a importância do elemento ajuda. Enfatiza-se a importância das interacoes sociais, sentimentos e afetos na construcao das RS. Palavras-chave: Representacao social, Psicologos, Jovens, Atuacao Do Psicologo, Estudantes. Abstract This research studied the Social Representations (SR) of the psychologist for high school students. It consisted in two phases: The first stage was carried out under the structural perspective, where a questionnaire was administrated to 61 students (42 girls and 19 boys) with the inductive term “psychologist”. The second stage used the processual perspective. Focal groups of 9 students (8 girls and 1 boy) were conducted. The evocation questions were processed by EVOC software, whereas the other questions were addressed by the use of Thematic Analysis. The data analysis has demonstrated the term help as the central core of the representation. The focal groups evidenced new perceptions about the psychologist, and the help element was confirmed. It was emphasized the importance of affective interactions, feelings and affections in the construction of SR. Keywords: Social Representations, Psychologists, Young People, Students, Psychologist’s Work, Performance of the Psychologist. Resumen Este trabajo investigo las Representaciones Sociales (RS) de psicologo a estudiantes de educacion secundaria. Se desarrollo en dos etapas: in la perspectiva estructural, la aplicacion del cuestionario a 61 estudiantes (42 chicas/19 chicos) con el termino inductor “ psicologo ”; in la perspectiva procesal, la realizacion de Grupos Focales (GF) con 9 estudiantes (8 chicas/1 chico). Las preguntas de evocacion fueron tratadas con el software EVOC y, las demas, sometidas al Analisis Tematico. Los datos mostraron el elemento ayuda como nucleo central da estructura de la RS. Los GF indican la aparicion de nuevos saberes sobre psicologo al mismo tiempo que corroboran el elemento ayuda. Se enfatiza la importancia de las interacciones sociales, sentimientos y afectos en la construccion de las RS. Palabras clave: Representacion Social, Psicologos, Jovenes, Actuacion de Psicologo, Estudiantes.

Memórias sociais de juventude entre quilombolas do norte do Espírito Santo

Searching for an age group who lived their youth among populations remnant of former runaway slave commu - nities in the northern Espirito Santo State (Brazil) and also at the

Sonoridades da vida conjugal registradas em versos de canções brasileiras produzidas entre 1940 e 1960

The aim of the present study was to identify elements of social representations of marriage, husband and wife, present in popular song lyrics recorded during the 1940s and 1950s. Three hundred and six song lyrics were selected from private record collections. The Alceste software was used for data analysis, which pointed towards the existence of four classes that represent different forms of speech about conjugal relations, gender roles in marriage and elements of social representation. Classes 1, 3 and 4 constituted a subgroup that can be considered as an axis in the organization of social representations about marriage, husband, and wife. This subgroup was called Female and Male Role in Marriage: real versus ideal. It is characterized by predominantly male discourse on aspects of conjugal everyday life, indicating the ideal wife and the inadequate one, with the husband being pictured as the worker/financial provider. Class 2 consists of another thematic axis, whose contents cover partner disenchantment and separation. The results exemplify the participation of social, historical, and cultural factors in the construction of the real organization/arrangement with which conjugal relations are lived, and how such relations are guided and justified by flexible social representations associated with the social contexts in which they were produced, consolidated, and/or transformed.

Who the children will stay with?: Social representations of child custody after divorce

No Brasil, na maior parte dos casos, a guarda dos filhos ainda e unilateral e materna, pois se parte do principio de que e natural que eles sejam criados pelas maes, com o auxilio dos pais. A edicao da Lei da Guarda Compartilhada (Lei 11.968/08), contudo, reativou a discussao dessa concepcao naturalista. Com base na Teoria das Representacoes Sociais de Serge Moscovici, este artigo refere-se a uma pesquisa que buscou averiguar as representacoes sociais da guarda de filhos no atual contexto. Foram entrevistadas 30 pessoas, habitantes de Vitoria/ES, com filhos de ate 18 anos incompletos. As respostas foram interpretadas por analise de conteudo tematica. Os resultados indicam preferencia pela guarda unilateral e resistencia a guarda compartilhada devido a ligacao que se faz entre as representacoes sociais da maternidade e da paternidade com as representacoes sociais da guarda de filhos.In Brazil, in most cases, child custody is still unilateral and maternal, since it is assumed that it is natural that mothers with the help of fathers raise children. However, the enactment of the Law of Shared Guard (Law 11.968/08) has revived the debate on this naturalistic conception. Based on the Theory of Social Representations of Serge Moscovici, this article refers to a study that sought to investigate the social representations of child custody in the current context. Thirty people, inhabitants of Vitoria / ES, with children under 18 years old were interviewed and their responses were interpreted through thematic content analysis. The findings indicate peoples preference for a unilateral custody as well as their resistance to the shared guard due the connections made ​​between the social representations of motherhood and fatherhood with those of child custody.