Sushabhan Choudhury

Thermoelectric power in carbon nanotubes and quantum wires of nonlinear optical, optoelectronic, and related materials under strong magnetic field: Simplified theory and relative comparison

We study thermoelectric power under strong magnetic field (TPM) in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and quantum wires (QWs) of nonlinear optical, optoelectronic, and related materials. The corresponding results for QWs of III-V, ternary, and quaternary compounds form a special case of our generalized analysis. The TPM has also been investigated in QWs of II-VI, IV-VI, stressed materials, n-GaP, p-PtSb2, n-GaSb, and bismuth on the basis of the appropriate carrier dispersion laws in the respective cases. It has been found, taking QWs of n-CdGeAs2, n-Cd3As2, n-InAs, n-InSb, n-GaAs, n-Hg1?xCdxTe, n-In1?xGaxAsyP1?y lattice-matched to InP, p-CdS, n-PbTe, n-PbSnTe, n-Pb1?xSnxSe, stressed n-InSb, n-GaP, p-PtSb2, n-GaSb, and bismuth as examples, that the respective TPM in the QWs of the aforementioned materials exhibits increasing quantum steps with the decreasing electron statistics with different numerical values, and the nature of the variations are totally band-structure-dependent. In CNTs, the TPM exhibits periodic oscillations with decreasing amplitudes for increasing electron statistics, and its nature is radically different as compared with the corresponding TPM of QWs since they depend exclusively on the respective band structures emphasizing the different signatures of the two entirely different one-dimensional nanostructured systems in various cases. The well-known expression of the TPM for wide gap materials has been obtained as a special case under certain limiting conditions, and this compatibility is an indirect test for our generalized formalism. In addition, we have suggested the experimental methods of determining the Einstein relation for the diffusivity-mobility ratio and the carrier contribution to the elastic constants for materials having arbitrary dispersion laws.

Influence of quantum confinement on the carrier contribution to the elastic constants in quantum confined heavily doped non-linear optical and optoelectronic materials: simplified theory and the suggestion for experimental determination

In this paper we study the carrier contribution to elastic constants in quantum confined heavily doped non-linear optical compounds on the basis of a newly formulated electron dispersion law taking into account the anisotropies of the effective electron masses and spin orbit splitting constants together with the proper inclusion of the crystal field splitting in the Hamiltonian within the framework of k.p formalism. All the results of heavily doped three, and two models of Kane for heavily doped III-V materials form special cases of our generalized analysis. It has been found, taking different heavily doped quantum confined materials that, the carrier contribution to the elastic constants increases with increase in electron statistics and decrease in film thickness in ladder like manners for all types of quantum confinements with different numerical values which are totally dependent on the energy band constants. The said contribution is greatest in quantum dots and least in quantum wells together with the fact the heavy doping enhances the said contributions for all types of quantum confined materials. We have suggested an experimental method of determining the carrier contribution to the elastic constants in nanostructured materials having arbitrary band structures.

The Einstein relation in quantum wires of III-V, ternary, and quaternary materials in the presence of light waves: Simplified theory, relative comparison, and suggestion for experimental determination

We study the Einstein relation for the diffusivity to mobility ratio (DMR) in quantum wires (QWs) of III-V, ternary, and quaternary materials in the presence of light waves, whose unperturbed energy band structures are defined by the three band model of Kane. It has been found, taking n-InAs, n-InSb, n-Hg1?xCdxTe, n-In1?xGaxAsyP1?y lattice matched to InP as examples, that the respective DMRs exhibit decreasing quantum step dependence with the increasing film thickness, decreasing electron statistics, increasing light intensity and wavelength, with different numerical values. The nature of the variations is totally band structure dependent and is influenced by the presence of the different energy band constants. The strong dependence of the DMR on both the light intensity and the wavelength reflects the direct signature of the light waves which is in contrast as compared to the corresponding QWs of the said materials in the absence of photoexcitation. The classical equation of the DMR in the absence of any field has been obtained as a special case of the present analysis under certain limiting conditions and this is the indirect test of the generalized formalism. We have suggested an experimental method of determining the DMR in QWs of degenerate materials having arbitrary dispersion laws and our results find six applications in the field of quantum effect devices.

Design and Experimental Evaluation of PSO and PID Controller based Wireless Room Heating System

The paper presents the control of 1kw heaters in 10*10*10 cubic feet room area through ZigBee remote. ZigBee Remote is capable to set the desired temperature command to the heater node by the user. Heater node is having dimmer, processing unit and ZigBee modem .The four temperature node is placed in appropriate location in the room and capable to communicate the temperature information to the heater node. Heater node sends the optimized room temperature data which is collected from the four sensor nodes, to the remote. Remote contains the optimized room temperature data and having the facility to feed the desired temperature data to heater node. This will be an intelligent network in which heater node intelligently maintains the room temperature as set by the remote, using PID and Particle Swarm Optimizing (PSO) algorithm on collected data and adjust the voltage levels of heating elements. Remote, heater node and sensor node having communication ability with baud rate of 9600. sensor nodes are capable to communicate upto 30 meters and remote and heater node is 100 meters. The proposed heater system is an intelligent, low cost and energy efficient. General Terms Embedded system, Control system, Communication, Optimizing algorithm

IC Packaging: 3D IC Technology and Methods

The research article discusses the flow of product design helpful for semiconductor design companies. Chip-manufacturing industries are fabricating next-generation 3D IC and their packaging is the new challenge. The 3D packaging has low power dissipation, high density, high performance, and reliability. Microelectronics industries follow the 3D IC development based on the TSV technology, processing of micro-bumps, helpful for interconnecting the stacking chips. The reliability of 3D IC, using TSV interposer, is reviewed in detail for Xilinx FPGA environment. The flow and process of WoW stacking methodology followed by low temperature for TSV fabrication are also discussed. 3D interconnection technologies possess excellent reliability and applied for 3D integration in real-time applications and manufacturing. Cost, supply chains, and heat management are the challenges in 3D integration, and chip-package interaction (CPI) is also the reliability issue of 3D IC integration. To reduce the CPI, differential heating/cooling (H/C) chip-joining technique is also discussed, which effectively reduce fractures in ultra-low–k (ULK) Si chips.

Proceeding of International Conference on Intelligent Communication, Control and Devices

Focuses on the integration of intelligent communication systems, control systems, & devices related to all aspects of engineering and sciencesAims to provide an opportune forum and vibrant platform for Researchers, Academicians, Scientists and Industrial Practitioners Presents high-quality original research work, findings and practical development experiences

Embedded-Based Smart Solar Grid of 2 × 2 Monitoring System Using Smart Sensors

In this research an embedded-based procedure for automatic fault detection and supervision in 2 × 2 PV array with possible fault allocation by using voltage and current parameter through embedded. The supervision system is developed with LabView which is acting as real-time data logger. The approach has been validated with experimental setup, and the system is designed with low-cost embedded-based solution to provide reliable and secure monitoring of PV system. The system include the parameter extractions technique to calculate main PV system parameter supervision based method analysis the output of voltage and current sensor present in the solar PV array. In the experimental result, fault detection and supervision system has shown the high accuracy of fault detection and fault classification on the test.

Fingerprint Acquisition Methodologies and Its Upgradation with IoT

Fingerprint reader is an emerging technology, increasing at a tremendous rate due to its function that allows the fast identification and secure verification capabilities. This technology enables to recognize individual users without need of any password and the card swipes and works in a different ways rather than the swipe cards and other identification technologies. By using this technology, we can recognize and authenticate individuals based on the who they are, instead of the what they know, like their password and pins and what they possess, like keys and swipe cards. Fingerprint technology having important role with security application and e-commerce due to their ability of identifying and providing access to user through finger. This technology can be implemented in the various areas like Voters Identification, Passport verification, Population Census, Driver’s license, and Professional ID and there data can be placed on cloud by using Internet of Things (IoT). If cloud-based technology incorporated with fingerprint identification and is properly used, then it has potential to create a highly secured verification environment. In this research, we have done extensive literature survey for future research areas in this field.

Design and Development of Low-Cost Wireless Parameter Monitoring System for Nuclear Power Plant

Safety is of utmost importance in any nuclear power plant, as even minor accidents may pose huge danger due to radiation leakage. The paper highlights the need of radiation leakage monitoring for nuclear power plant. Whenever radioactive radiations would increase beyond the safety level, alarms would indicate it. Thus, it will help to take safety measures before leading to serious problems. The system comprises of radiation sensor, fire sensors, and temperature sensors to detect any possibility of leakage and fire. XBee is used as communication media for the system. All the information is collected at a control room and analyzed through LabVIEW.

Wireless Personal Area Network and PSO-Based Home Security System

For monitoring and controlling unwanted events like intrusion of burglars/thieves at home/locality/city, the security systems are much required. In this paper, an efficient and low-cost wireless security system is proposed with ZigBee and GSM modems. In the proposed system, city is divided into sections and sections into colonies/sectors. The section security system comprises multiple cluster nodes with one cluster head. Cluster nodes and cluster head are linked via ZigBee network. The cluster heads of all sections communicate with central control room (main server) of the city via GSM in order to make its coverage area large. The network optimization for efficient routing of the cluster node and cluster head is done using PSO algorithm. Cluster node is an embedded device connected with ZigBee modem and switches in each room as per user’s requirement. If there is an intrusion at home, in any locality of the city, the resident is to press the switch. This information is communicated by cluster node through ZigBee network to the corresponding cluster head which in turn communicates to the central control room (main server) via GSM network. Cluster head is equipped with audio alarm system like a hooter and this system is activated as soon as the switch in the cluster node is pressed. The identity of cluster node is conveyed to the cluster head via communication network. For future enhancement, the system in the cluster node may be fitted with other sensors like temperature, smoke, fire, etc., for detection of various hazardous conditions.