Suzana Pasternak

Favelas no Brasil e em São Paulo: avanços nas análises a partir da Leitura Territorial do Censo de 2010

Pensando nas formas de acesso a moradia da populacao de baixa renda no Brasil, este artigo pretende analisar, especificamente, as condicoes de moradia da populacao favelada, procurando, a partir dos dados censitarios disponiveis, identificar o que significa morar numa favela no Brasil na primeira decada do seculo XXI, a partir de algumas questoes principais: houve aumento da populacao favelada no Brasil? Onde esse aumento foi mais expressivo? Como se deu esse aumento: a partir do surgimento de novas favelas ou no aumento das favelas existentes? Quais as caracteristicas dos domicilios favelados? Houve melhora nos indicadores relacionados a infraestrutura? E tambem um esforco inedito de analise da base de dados “Leitura Territorial” dos domicilios favelados, base unica disponibilizada pelo Censo 2010.

Transformacoes metropolitanas: Sao Paulo e Salvador

This paper aims to discuss the impacts of the globalization process on Brazilian metropolises based on a comparative analysis of the recent trajectory of Sao Paulo and Salvador, which provides rich information for this discussion. Starting from the current literature on this topic, the paper analyzes the extent to which the phenomena associated with this process are leading to greater changes in the social and urban structures of these agglomerations. It is noted, with this analysis, that they present some stability next to some changes, whose diversity and complexity are not being addressed by the most current theoretical formulations.

Migração na metrópole

Based on observed tendencies of migrational movements in Sao Paulo area, the text characterizes the profiles of the migrants flows in this specific metropolitan region, as well as the observed changes in these profiles through the last decades. Furthermore, it analyzes the differences between capital resident migrants and those living in other metropolitan municipalities, according to each municipalitys specificities regarding the working resident population characteristics and the specific influence of migration.

Changing urbanization patterns in the Brazilian metropolis

The international literature on the impacts of globalization on large cities has insistently pointed to the increase in residential segregation. Three mechanisms have been identified as the causes of this phenomenon: globalization, which by disseminating neoliberal ideas throughout the world, generated changes in the regulatory models and paradigms that guide urban policy; institutional reforms toward market liberalization and the property and housing market were undertaken in various countries; real estate prices became the central mechanism for distributing the population throughout the city, reinforcing income inequality as the determinant of urban spatial organization. At the same time, privatization exacerbated the growing inequality of access to the services and infrastructure that ensure urban well-being, especially with regard to quality. The wealthier areas, where those with greater purchasing power concentrate, have at their disposal an abundant supply of goods and services, whereas the areas populated by the poor are supplied with inferior goods and services. Further, globalization caused structural changes originating in the transformation of the productive base of the cities, creating trends toward social polarization. The social structure of the great metropolises is no longer represented by a pyramid, and is expressed instead by an hourglass where the middle positions narrow while the extremities widen. Simultaneously, there has been an increase in the distance between the average incomes of the higher and lower strata.

Between enabling and provider approach: Key shifts in the national housing policy in India and Brazil:

With the world becoming increasingly urban, housing poverty in the global south has made the metaphor ‘planet of slums’ a global reality. This paper revisits the dichotomy of enabler vs. provider debate in housing policy that preoccupied housing scholars in the last few decades. Drawing on the government intervention in Brazil and India, it is argued that the transformative and adaptive capacity of enabling strategy has now come of an age. Among other things, the paper makes a close reading of the historical and geographical (re)constitution of the process of housing delivery in these countries and argues that they have adopted enabling strategies along with closely intertwined strategies of crisis management and show a clear predisposition towards earlier provider approach of state administered, large-scale housing programmes to support the low-income households. Thus, as one policy approach follows another, the discursive space for the government policy doctrine acquires a layered structure, which contains elements of both provider and enabling approaches. Whilst these developments, still evolutionary, challenges remain in the form of conceptual contradictions that continue to obscure our approach towards low-income housing policies in the global South. Arguably on this basis, considerably more, attention should be given to providing housing to the poor in the global South.

Habitação e saúde

This paper discusses the concept of proper housing, showing that the indicators used in Brazil, although adequate for the time and place, do not cover all building conditions that promote health and well-being. It examines the relationship between health and housing by analyzing four dimensions: housing and transmissible diseases, housing and physiological needs, housing and domestic accidents, and housing and mental health. Using data from the 2010 Demographic Census and vital statistics for 2012, the article analyzes the environmental and urban conditions of the city of Sao Paulo, showing that infant and general mortality patterns vary spatially. The paper ends with a description of the environmental conditions of Sao Paulos favelas (shantytowns).