T. M. Bertol

Oregano essential oil as food additive for piglets: antimicrobial and antioxidant potential

ABSTRACT - This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of oregano essential oil on theperformance and on the occurrence of diarrhea in weanling pigs, as well as its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity evaluatedin vitro. It was compared four treatments (diets): negative control; positive control, 0.5% ZnO (preventive diarrhea) +0.05% zinc acitracin (growth promoter); or 0.003% of essential oil of oregano, combined or not with preventive of diarrhea.Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were evaluated from 27 (weaning) to 62 days of age of the animals, and theoccurrence of diarrhea was evaluated on the first 14 days of the experiment. The positive control diet and the oregano oil+ zinc oxide diet were the ones that provided the best zootechnical performance. The number of piglets with diarrhea, aswell as the duration of diarrhea, were lower in animals fed positive control and oregano oil + zinc oxide diets. Oregano oilhad in vitro bacteriostatic action on all the tested microorganisms and bactericidal action against four bacteria. The in vitroantioxidant activity of oregano oil was 98.88% through linoleic acid/β-carotene system methodology, and 174.17 mg/mLby the DPPH method, expressed as CE

Desempenho bioeconômico de suínos em crescimento e terminação alimentados com rações contendo farelo de coco

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de suinos em crescimento e terminacao alimentados com racoes contendo farelo de coco. Foram utilizados 20 suinos machos castrados mesticos Landrace × Large White com 19,7 ± 2,9 kg de peso vivo inicial e 89,2 ± 5,8 kg de peso vivo final distribuidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (0, 10, 20 ou 30% de farelo de coco) e cinco repeticoes. Avaliaram-se o desempenho, o ganho de peso medio diario, o consumo de racao medio diario e a conversao alimentar nas fases de crescimento (65 a 107 dias de idade) e crescimento-terminacao (65 a 149 dias de idade). Os parâmetros economicos avaliados foram a receita bruta media, o custo medio da alimentacao, a margem bruta media e a rentabilidade media. Os melhores resultados de ganho de peso medio diario e receita bruta media na fase de crescimento foram obtidos com o nivel de 22,5% de farelo de coco na racao. Na fase de crescimento-terminacao, a receita bruta media no periodo total indica que e possivel incluir 22,4% de farelo de coco em dietas para suinos formuladas com farelo residual de milho e farelo de soja.Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de suinos em crescimento e terminacao alimentados com racoes contendo farelo de coco. Foram utilizados 20 suinos machos castrados mesticos Landrace × Large White com 19,7 ± 2,9 kg de peso vivo inicial e 89,2 ± 5,8 kg de peso vivo final distribuidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (0, 10, 20 ou 30% de farelo de coco) e cinco repeticoes. Avaliaram-se o desempenho, o ganho de peso medio diario, o consumo de racao medio diario e a conversao alimentar nas fases de crescimento (65 a 107 dias de idade) e crescimento-terminacao (65 a 149 dias de idade). Os parâmetros economicos avaliados foram a receita bruta media, o custo medio da alimentacao, a margem bruta media e a rentabilidade media. Os melhores resultados de ganho de peso medio diario e receita bruta media na fase de crescimento foram obtidos com o nivel de 22,5% de farelo de coco na racao. Na fase de crescimento-terminacao, a receita bruta media no periodo total indica que e possivel incluir 22,4% de farelo de coco em dietas para suinos formuladas com farelo residual de milho e farelo de soja.

Níveis de resíduo industrial de fécula da mandioca na alimentação de suínos em crescimento e terminação

Two experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the inclusion of cassava residue (RIFM) in diets for growing and finishing pigs. In the first experiment, four levels (0, 6.67, 13.33 and 20%) of RIFM in growing diets were studied. The inclusion of RIFM in the diets caused a cubic effect on average daily gain (GPMD, P 0.10) by the inclusion of any level of RIFM. It was concluded that the inclusion of RIFM in diets for growing pigs, in levels like 6.67% or higher, decrease swine performance. In the finishing phase, the performance is not affected by the inclusion of any levels of RIFM, up to 30%.

Desempenho de leitões na fase de creche alimentados com rações contendo proteína concentrada de soja

The experiment was developed in order to evaluate the effects of soy protein concentrate on performance and economic viability of piglets in nursery phase. We evaluated the following treatments in pre- starter diets (25 to 37 days old), initial I (37 to 50 days age) and initial II diets (50 to 64 days old): FS with corn and Hypro soybean meal, PCS-60% with corn and usual soy protein concentrate; PCSH-2h with corn and using PCS hydrolized by protease enzyme during 2 hours; PCSH-8h with corn and using PCS hydrolized by protease enzyme during 8 hours. In the period between 25-50 days were observed differences for the daily gross income (p = 5.1%) and gross margin (p = 2.1%). Treatments PCS-60% and PCSH(2h or 8h) showed the lowest values for daily gross income and gross margin, but in both cases, the PCS-60% treatment did not differ from FS. The inclusion of PCS-60%, and PCSH(2h or 8h) in diets for piglets in total nursery phase did not affect (p > 0.05) animal performance and economic viability. In view of performance the three PCS can be considered viable proteic ingredients in diets for piglets in the nursery phase.

Substituição parcial do farelo de soja por soja integral extrusada na dieta de leitões desmamados

A study including two experiments was carried out to evaluate partial substitution of soybean meal (SM) by full-fat extruded soybean (ES) in the pre-starter diet, for piglets weaned at 21 days of age. In each experiment four levels (0, 20, 40 and 60%) of substitution of SM by ES were compared. In the first experiment, daily feed intake (DFI) and feed:gain ratio linearly increased for the total nursery period, due to substitution of SM by ES. Daily gain (DG) was not affected. Average height of the intestinal mucousa (HIM) in the low jejunum was linearly reduced, and in the duodenum had a quadratic effect, when ES was increased. In the experiment 2, DG, DFI and body weight at the end of the nursery phase (BW35) had a quadratic response, in consequence of substitution of SM by ES. It was concluded that partial substitution of SM by ES in the pre-starter diet for piglets weaned at 21 days of age provide an improvement for performance of piglets in the initial period after weaning. In the experiment 1, it was not possible to determine the maximum value for substitution of SM by ES, because DG showed a linear response until 60% of substitution. However, in the experiment 2, the best result for DG, estimated through the derivatization of the quadratic equation, was obtained at 26.82% of substitution, from 0 to 14 days post weaning.

Piglet performance in nursing phase when fed diets containing soybean protein concentrate.

The experiment was developed in order to evaluate the effects of soy protein concentrate on performance and economic viability of piglets in nursery phase. We evaluated the following treatments in pre- starter diets (25 to 37 days old), initial I (37 to 50 days age) and initial II diets (50 to 64 days old): FS with corn and Hypro soybean meal, PCS-60% with corn and usual soy protein concentrate; PCSH-2h with corn and using PCS hydrolized by protease enzyme during 2 hours; PCSH-8h with corn and using PCS hydrolized by protease enzyme during 8 hours. In the period between 25-50 days were observed differences for the daily gross income (p = 5.1%) and gross margin (p = 2.1%). Treatments PCS-60% and PCSH(2h or 8h) showed the lowest values for daily gross income and gross margin, but in both cases, the PCS-60% treatment did not differ from FS. The inclusion of PCS-60%, and PCSH(2h or 8h) in diets for piglets in total nursery phase did not affect (p > 0.05) animal performance and economic viability. In view of performance the three PCS can be considered viable proteic ingredients in diets for piglets in the nursery phase.