T. Wood
University of Kentucky
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Featured researches published by T. Wood.
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | 1989
T. Wood; S. Stanley; Thomas Tobin
Summary Studies of the effects of drugs on equine performance require access to sensitive methods of measuring subtle behavioral changes. Variable interval (VI) reinforcement scheduling is a specific type of operant conditioning that is sensitive to drug effects even when overt clinical signs of the drug have diminished. In our VI studies, horses were conditioned to break a light beam with a head-bobbing movement and this behavior was reinforced with a reward of clean oats (approximately 30 mg/reinforcement). Initial training procedures included acclimatization to the behavioral equipment and fixed-ratio reinforcement scheduling. To establish baseline rates of behavior the horses were converted to a variable interval (60 seconds) reinforcement schedule and were kept on this schedule for the remainder of the experiments. Daily sessions lasted 30 minutes and responding rates remained remarkably stable even after long periods of inactivity. Responses and reinforcement were recorded and dispensed by use of an electromechanical relay system wired to an electric eye, an automatic feeder and a programming and recording system. Recently, responding rates from horses administered detomidine, hordenine, xylazine and saline were monitored and compared to responding rates in horses from previous studies using acepromazine, cocaine, methylphenidate, phenylbutazone and reserpine. Rates of behavior in these operant-conditioned horses were remarkably stable over time and readily detected subclinical pharmacological effects of drug administrations.
General Pharmacology-the Vascular System | 1988
Yang Jm; W. E. Woods; Timothy J. Weckman; T. Wood; S.-L. Chang; J. W. Blake; Thomas Tobin
1. Drug administration studies using diisopropylamine dichloroacetate (DADA) and diisopropylamine (DIPA) were conducted in Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses to assess physiological effects and develop detection methods. 2. Four horses received 0.08 mg DADA/kg body wt and showed no changes in heart and respiratory rates or body temperature as measured over a 1-hr period after administration. A transient diuretic effect was found to occur in 2 mares dosed with 0.80 mg DADA/kg body wt. 3. A qualitative detection method using thin-layer chromatography was developed to detect DIPA, the major metabolite of DADA in equine urine. A quantitative detection method (lower limit of detection 0.5 micrograms/ml urine) for this metabolite was also developed using gas chromatography. 4. Neither DADA or the free base, DIPA, were detectable in equine blood samples using the above-mentioned methodologies.
Equine Veterinary Journal | 1990
T. Wood; Timothy J. Weckman; P. A. Henry; S.-L. Chang; J. W. Blake; Thomas Tobin
Equine Veterinary Journal | 1989
S. G. Kamerling; T. Wood; David J. Dequick; Timothy J. Weckman; Tai Cl; J. W. Blake; Thomas Tobin
Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology | 1992
T. Wood; S. Stanley; W. E. Woods; Henry P; David S. Watt; Thomas Tobin
Equine Veterinary Journal | 1988
T. Wood; Timothy J. Weckman; W. E. Woods; Thomas Tobin; J. Dougherty
Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology | 1986
W. E. Woods; Weckman Tj; T. Wood; S.-L. Chang; Blake Jw; Thomas Tobin
Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology | 1989
Thomas Tobin; Stefan Kwiatkowski; David S. Watt; Tai Hh; Tai Cl; W. E. Woods; J. P. Goodman; D.G. Taylor; Weckman Tj; Yang Jm; J. D. Tai; S. Stanley; T. Wood; S.-L. Chang; Blake Jw; J. Mcdonald; S. Wie; Prange Ca; C. E. Uboh
Journal of Analytical Toxicology | 1994
S. Stanley; T. Wood; J. P. Goodman; P.A. Henry; W. E. Woods; S.-L. Chang; Tai Hh; David S. Watt; Stefan Kwiatkowski; J. W. Blake; Thomas Tobin; Diane F. Gerken; Richard A. Sams
Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology | 1988
Stefan Kwiatkowski; Sturma L; Dai Mr; Tai Hh; David S. Watt; Tai Cl; W. E. Woods; Weckman Tj; Yang Jm; T. Wood