Tae-Ryong Kim

Lossy waveguide design considering polarization dependency to reduce back reflection in 2 × 1MMI combiners

We propose a novel structure that includes two compact, simply structured, and lossy waveguides for reducing back reflection in MMI combiners. The preferred lossy waveguide consists of a bend section and a tapered section. Theoretical calculations and 2D FDTD analysis were used to confirm the properties of our proposed structure. Significantly and interestingly, for TE modes, the optimized bend radius is about 7.5 µm and the specific back reflectance depends on taper end width. For TM modes, to achieve a back reflection value smaller than -30 dB, the taper length of 30 µm is desired regardless of bend radius. Moreover, the introduction of the lossy waveguide influences neither the MMI design nor its operation.

Two-dimensional silver nanodot array fabricated using nanoporous alumina for a chemical sensor platform of localized surface plasmon resonance

The noble metal nanostructure has attracted significant attention because of their potential applications as sensitive sensor platform blocks for biological and chemical sensing. The unique optical property of the metal nanostructure is originated from localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The fabrication of metal nanostructure is a key issue for sensor applications of LSPR. In this paper, fabrication technique of two-dimensional Ag nanodot array on an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate via the nanoporous alumina mask and the utilization as a platform for LSPR chemical sensor was studied. Well-ordered Ag nanodot array with approximately 65 nm diameter in periodic pattern of 105 nm was fabricated using the nanoporous alumina with through-holes as an evaporation mask. The LSPR of Ag nanodot array on ITO glass substrate was investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy. The LSPR wavelength-shifts owing to the concentration variances of Methylene Blue (MB) adsorbed on Ag nanodot arrays were examined for application of chemical sensor.

Optical heterodyne detection for ultra-high Q micro-disk laser sensor

In this paper, we propose a bio-sensing method using optical heterodyne detection for ultra-high Q micro-disk laser (MDL) sensor platform. MDL structure with ultra-high Q-factor (> 108) has advantage in detecting a small variation of the lasing wavelength. For example, when a single molecule is attached to sidewall of MDL, the lasing wavelength is changed by sub-pm. Optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) has limits to detect sub-pm variation in the resonant wavelength because of the spectral resolution. In order to overcome this limitation, we used a heterodyne detection method which needs two MDLs with the same characteristics.

Enhancement of effective quality-factor using asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer with ring resonator for optical bio and chemical sensor

In this paper, an effective quality-factor is analyzed for asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (AMZI) with ring resonator sensor. The device is designed with AMZI to interference with the optical input of the ring resonator based on silica semiconductor process. The design of device satisfy a critical resonance at out of phase condition through asymmetric power split ratio. According to operation principle of Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the critical resonance occurs when the power passing through asymmetric arm is in a range of ring resonator power variation. Our simulation shows that the Q-factor of the device is enhanced from 1161.9 to 5342.5 if a RR is coupled to an arm of AMZI.

Localized surface plasmon resonance in two-dimensional silver nanodot array fabricated using nanoporous alumina mask for chemical sensor platform

Abstract. Two-dimensional (2-D) metal nanodot arrays (NDAs) have been attracting significant attention for use in biological and chemical sensing applications. The unique optical properties of the metal NDAs originate from their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Nanofabrication methods that use nanoporous alumina masks (NAMs) have been widely used to produce metal NDAs. We report a fabrication technique for a 2-D Ag NDA and its utilization as a platform for LSPR-based sensing applications. A well-ordered Ag NDA of ∼70-nm diameter, arranged in a periodic pattern of 105 nm, was fabricated on an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate using an NAM as an evaporation mask. The LSPR of the Ag NDA on the ITO glass was investigated using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The LSPR wavelength shifts caused by the variations in the quantity of methylene blue adsorbed on the Ag NDA were examined. The results of this study suggest that the Ag NDA prepared using NAM can be used as a chemical sensor platform.

Significantly enhanced sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance sensor with self-assembled metallic nanoparticles

Abstract. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor hybridized with self-assembled metallic nanoparticles is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The measured sensitivity of the proposed SPR sensor is 110.77  deg/RIU, while that of a conventional SPR sensor is 84.75  deg/RIU. The enhanced sensitivity is attributed to the strong localized surface plasmons and the increased surface interaction area by the nanoparticles. Angle variation measurement, which is an easy detection method using bulk optics, is possible with this structure because a supplementary metallic thin film layer on the nanoparticles leads to utilization of the sensitive variation of the strong localized field by the change of the refractive index. Furthermore, the proposed structure can be fabricated with a very simple three-step nonlithographic process.

Enhancement of sensitivity using double cascaded triangular ring resonators(DTRR) sensor based on Vernier effect

Double cascaded triangular ring resonators(DTRR) based on silicon-on-insulator(SOI) has been proposed and demonstrated for sensitivity enhancement. Each TRR is composed of three total internal reflection(TIR) mirrors, and multi-mode interference(MMI) is used for coupling. Significant sensitivity enhancement has been demonstrated using DTRR.

Total internal reflection mirror-based ultra-sensitive triangular ring resonator sensor on the surface plasmon resonance condition

In this paper, we have theoretically analyzed using a finite-difference time domain (FDTD) methods and realized a high sensitive triangular ring resonator sensor based on the total internal reflection (TIR) mirror with a thin metal film for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon. One of advantages is a high sensitivity with large phase variation at TIR mirror facet with SPR. Previously, the sensing region of the general ring resonator sensor is located on the cladding region or upper core region. However, the triangular ring resonator has a very high sensitivity using the sensing region of the TIR mirror facet, because the length of the evanescent field at TIR mirror is longer than the evanescent field length at the cladding region. Another is a high Q-factor by the round-trip loss compensation through an active medium in the waveguide. Proposed sensor also has an integrated light source using an InP-based semiconductor optical amplifier. The sensitivity of triangular ring resonator with SPR is extremely enhanced by large phase shift at TIR mirror facet on SPR. Optimized metal thickness is a 33.4 nm at the SPR angle of 22.92 degree. The simulation result of the sensitivity for the triangular ring resonator sensor with SPR is 4.2×104 nm/RIU using by FDTD method. To measure the biosensor, we used an antigen/antibody reaction.

Ultra-high sensitivity optical biosensor based on Vernier effect in triangular ring resonators (TRRs) with SPR

In this paper, surface plasmon resonance triangular ring resonator (SPR-TRR) Vernier structure based on InP is simulated for index variation from 1.33 to 1.35. Sensing area of SPR-TRR is achieved to make an ultra-compact SPR mirror by deposition of Au film layer which is designed to deposit on vertex of TRR. The possibility of mass production is shown by a deposition of SPR mirror on the triangular ring resonator (TRR). Also, the sensitivity enhancement of an envelope signal for Vernier effect is confirmed by FDTD simulation compared to SPR-TRR. As simulation results, the sensitivity is enhanced 20 nm / RIU to 480 nm / RIU. Thus, SPR-TRR Vernier structure is used for a biosensor to enhance the sensitivity of biosensor.

Optical Characteristics of Plasmonic Nano-structure Using Polystyrene Nano-beads

Abstract: We proposed and demonstrated the double layered metallic nano-hole structure using polystyrene beads process to enhance the sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The double layered SPR structures are calculated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for the width, thickness, and period of the metallic nano-hole structures. The thickness of the metal film and the metallic nano-hole is 30 and 20 nm in the 214 nm wide nano-hole size, respectively. The double layered SPR structures are fabricated with monolayer polystyrene beads of 420 nm wide. The sensitivities of the conventional SPR sensor and the double layered SPR sensor are obtained to 42.2 and 52.1 degree/RIU, respectively. Keywords: Surface plasmon resonance, Metallic nano-hole, Sensor, Polystyrene, FDTD 1. 서 론 1) 최근 바이오 물질의 비표지 검출 방법으로 굴절률의 변화를 측정하여 생체 물질의 상호작용을 인지할 수 있는 표면 플라즈몬 공명(surface plasmon resonance, SPR) 센서에 관한 연구가 활발히 이루어