Takao Sugai

Cellular injury score for multiple organ failure severity scoring system.

BACKGROUND Cellular Injury Score (CIS) is an index of cellular injury, being calculated from three parameters of intracellular metabolism: arterial ketone body ratio, osmolality gap, and blood lactate. METHODS The usefulness of CIS as a severity scoring system for patients with multiple organ failure was prospectively evaluated in 157 consecutive patients with MOF (58 survivors, 99 nonsurvivors). RESULTS CISs in nonsurvivors were significantly higher compared with those in survivors throughout the clinical courses. CIS was significantly correlated with the number of failing organs and mortality rate. The optimal cutoff point of CIS from receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was 4 for the maximal value during the clinical course. The changes in CIS well reflected the severity of injury in survivors and nonsurvivors who died within 2 weeks. CONCLUSION CIS could be a useful index for mortality risk prediction and is potentially applicable as a severity scoring system for individual patients with MOF.

Hepatic glycolytic intermediates in fed and fasted rats after severe hemorrhage.

The responses of key liver carbohydrate intermediates to severe hemorrhage were investigated in fed and fasted young adult male rats. Forty per cent of intravascular blood was withdrawn and liver was sampled by freeze-clamp at 0, 0.25, 1.0, 3.0, and 4.0-5.0 hours. Fed rats with abundant glycogen showed a threefold increase in glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) concentration, and fasted rats showed a 75% decline in G6P immediately after hemorrhage. This significant difference in response traces to the fact that G6P is one of the first catabolites in fed liver formed by glycogenolysis but is the last intermediate of the gluconeogenic pathway in fasted animals. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the high-energy intermediate, was markedly depleted in both fed and fasted rats at zero time. In the fasted animal, however, the PEP was rapidly restored, and by 1.0 hour was threefold above normal. The ability of fasted rats to rapidly synthesize glucose from accumulated lactate is attributed to increased amount of gluconeogenic enzymes induced by fasting. In prolonged shock states, this synthetic capacity plays a protective role. Contrariwise, in brief shock states such as hemorrhage, the immediate availability of glucose from stored glycogen appears to be a more important determinant of survival. In the present experiments, fed rats were more resistant to the hemorrhage protocol.

Nutritional Support for the Patient with Multiple Organ Failure in Gastroenterological Surgery.

消化器外科領域の多臓器不全 (multiple organ failure;MOF) 70例を対象に, いかにして代謝動態を把握し, いかなる栄養管理を施行すればよいかを検討した.代謝動態の把握には, indirect calorimetryによるエネルギ-消費量, respiratory quotient, %FAT, 動脈血中ケトン体比 (arterial ketone body ratio; AKBR) およびケトン体量, 血中乳酸値などが有効であった.MOF患者はhypermetabolicで, 基礎エネルギー消費量の140～150%を消費しており, AKBRの低下している肝不全合併MOF症例では, エネルギー基質の利用制限や蛋白代謝の低下が観察された.全症例に対して中心静脈栄養法を施行した.消費エネルギー量相当のエネルギ-量の投与は肝不全合併MOFおよび腎不全合併MOFで困難であったが, 前者ではATP-Mgやplasma exchangeの併用が, 後者では持続的血液濾過や持続的血液濾過透析の併用が有効であった.また分枝鎖アミノ酸を多量に含む製剤は有用であった.