Takehisa Onisawa

Subjective analysis of system reliability and its analyzer

Abstract Subjectivity, which is related to fuzziness, is inherent in system reliability analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a system reliability analysis model into which subjectivity can be incorporated. This paper describes a model of subjective analysis of system reliability. In the model, information about system component reliability and human reliability is expressed by natural language or by numerical values. The information is translated into a fuzzy set that is defined on the unit interval. This fuzzy set is considered as a subjective reliability measure. The model applies a fault tree analysis and uses parametrized “and” and “or” operations of the fuzzy sets. These operations can cover the range of the reliability estimate from the most pessimistic estimate through the most optimistic one and reflect analysts subjectivity towards the analyzed system. The model also considers dependence between subsystems and possibility of subsystem failure leading to a system accident. Analysis results are expressed by the use of natural language expressions. In this model various results can be obtained even if reliability of the same system is analyzed since analysts subjectivity is incorporated into the analysis. This model considers two kinds of mutual agreements that are an intersection and a union of fuzzy sets, and the weighted average of fuzzy sets. This paper also proposes a prototype of an analyzer based on the present model in order to show the feasibility of the model. The analyzer is implemented on a workstation using the C language and the X-windows system. This analyzer is explained with the help of an example. Subjectivity can be incorporated into the system reliability analysis by the present model, and the subjective reliability analysis can be performed by the use of this analyzer. Finally, this paper compares the present method and the probabilistic method and emphasizes the usefulness of the present consideration.

Expressive facial caricature drawing

The purpose of this paper is to add facial expressions to an expressionless line drawing facial caricature which is drawn using linguistic terms. Questionnaire about the comparison of expressive facial caricatures and expressionless ones is performed in order to obtain essential parameter values and their essential combinations. Expressive facial caricatures are drawn using the essential combinations and the transformation from parameter values in an expressionless face to essential parameter values in an expressive one. Finally some examples of expressive facial caricature drawn by the presented method are shown.

Music composition by interaction between human and computer

This paper aims at constructing a music composition system that composes music by the interaction between human and a computer. Even users without special musical knowledge can compose 16-bar musical works with one melody part and some backing parts using this system. The interactive Genetic Algorithm is introduced to music composition so that users’ feeling toward music is reflected in the composed music. One chromosome corresponds to 4-bar musical work information. Users participate in music composition by evaluating composed works after GA operators such as crossover, mutation, virus infection are applied to chromosomes based on the evaluation results. From the experimental results, it is found that the users’ evaluation values become high over the progress of generations. That is, the system can compose 16-bar musical works reflecting users’ feeling.

Composition of music using human evaluation

This paper describes an interactive music composition system that uses interactive genetic algorithms (GAs) and music theory. One piece of music consisting of four bars corresponds to one chromosome containing information on the melody part and the backing parts. The music is composed using GA operations. A user listens to the presented music and evaluates whether it fits his/her feeling. The user evaluations have an influence on the GA operations. Experiments are carried out in order to confirm the usefulness of the system. From the results of these experiments, it is found that the subjects evaluation becomes higher as the number of generations increases. This means that the system composes music works reflecting the users feeling of music.

Interactive music composition system - composition of 16-bars musical work with a melody part and backing parts

This paper aims at the construction of a music composition system that generates 16-bars musical works by interaction between human and the system, using interactive genetic algorithm. The present system generates not only various kinds of melody parts but also various kinds of patterns of backing parts and tones of all parts, so that users can acquire satisfied musical work. The users choose generating mode of musical work from three points, i.e., melody part, tones of all parts, or patterns of backing parts, and the users evaluate impressions of presented candidates of musical work through the user interface. The present system generates the candidates based on users subjective evaluation. This paper shows evaluation experiments to confirm the usefulness of the present system.

Music composition system with human evaluation as human centered system

Abstract This paper presents an interactive music composition system as one example of human centered systems that are defined as subjective systems in which human judgement, evaluation, recognition and emotion play central roles. The present music composition system reflects users evaluation of music and employs Interactive Genetic Algorithm. One musical work is assumed to be expressed by one chromosome containing information on a melody part and backing parts through 4 bars. The composition procedures are as follows. (1) Two hundred chromosomes are generated based on general music theory. (2) A user listens to 20 musical works chosen from 200 works and performs three types of evaluations such as total evaluation, partial evaluation, and the choice of the best work. (3) The system performs the GA operations to 200 chromosomes reflecting these evaluations. Procedures (2) and (3) are repeated until a musical work reflecting users evaluation is obtained. From the results of the evaluation experiments to confirm the validity of the system, it is found that the present system composes music reflecting users evaluation well and is one example of human centered systems.

Interactive Clothes Design Support System

This paper proposes a clothes design support system. Interactive Genetic Algorithms are applied to the support system in order to reflect userss Kansei to clothes design. The system presents several designed clothes candidates to a user and a user evaluates them. According to users evaluation, the system gives genetic algorithms (GA) operations, selection, crossover and mutations, to clothes candidates. Repeating the procedures, presentation, evaluation and GA operations, satisfying clothes are obtained. Subjects experiments are performed to verify usefulness of the presented system.

Music composition system based on subjective evaluation

This paper aims at the construction of the interactive music composition system which generates 16-bars music reflecting users feeling and subjectivity for music. The interactive Genetic Algorithm is introduced to this system. This paper tries to reduce users load in the evaluation of musical works. To this end, this paper uses fitness evaluations based on music theory by which presented music works are chosen. Furthermore, visual interface is designed by which users can follow the presented musical works. From the experimental results to confirm the validity of the present system, it is found that the subjects evaluation values of composed musical works becomes higher with the progress of generations. Furthermore, the subjects answer that the present system is better than the previous system from the viewpoint of understanding musical works visually.

Interactive Face Generation from Verbal Description Using Conceptual Fuzzy Sets

In this article, a human centered approach for interactive face generation is presented. The users of the system are given the possibility to interactively generate faces from verbal description. The system generates automatically an average face from the same race of the target face using anthropometric measurements of the face and the head and displays it to the user as an initial face. This face is then transformed to the desired face according to the verbal description given by the user. The user describes each facial feature using words, and then the feature changes according to the user’s description. Depending on the race of the user and the gender of the face drawn, the relation between the size of each facial feature and the set of the linguistic words used to describe it is obtained using Conceptual Fuzzy Sets(CFS), which are used to represent the meaning of the words. CFSs can represent context dependent meaning. The context here is the race of the user and the gender of the target face. We describe the encouraging results of the experiments and discuss future directions for our face generation system.

A model of subjective reliability analysis

The author discusses a model of subjective reliability analysis. Subjectivity about fuzzy sets operations is incorporated into a previous model which considers only subjectivity in reliability estimates of the failure rate, the error rate, and the dependence level. The present model considers subjectivity about fuzzy set operations as well as subjectivity of the reliability estimate. The model uses parameterized operations to reflect the analysts subjectivity, rather than the fixed operations which the conventional model uses. This means that different analysis results can be obtained, depending on ones subjectivity about the operations in spite of the same estimate about instrument reliability, human reliability, and the dependence level. An example of subjective reliability analysis is included.<<ETX>>