Tânia da Silveira Agostini-Costa

Compostos fenólicos totais e taninos condensados em frutas nativas do cerrado

The native fruits from Brazilian savanna are arousing increasing interest due to their nutritional and functional properties combined with the potential to add value and conserve the biodiversity of this biome. Many phenolic compounds have antioxidant capacity to neutralize free radicals generated in the body that are associated with many chronic degenerative diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of three extraction solutions (acetone 70%, ethanol 95% and methanol 99.8 %) and determining the levels of phenolic compounds in 10 species of native fruits from Brazilian savanna, using the Folin-Ciocalteu method for total phenolic compounds and vanillin method for condensed tannins. Acetone 70 % proved to be the best solvent extractor for total phenolics and condensed tannins in fruits of Pouteria gardneriana, Eugenia dysenterica, E. klostzchiana, E. punicifolia, Plinia edulis, Campomanesia sp. and for total phenolics in Brosimium gaudichaudii and for condensed tannins in Jaracatia spinosa. The ethanol 95 % was more efficient in the extraction of total phenolics of Jaracatia spinosa and condensed tannins of Brosimium gaudichaudii. The methanol 99.8 % was more efficient in the extraction of condensed tannins of Eugenia dysenterica. The contents of phenolic compounds ranged between 90 and 327 mg of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g of pulp for the species of E. dysenterica and E. punicifolia respectively. The levels of condensed tannins ranged between 4 and 291 mg of catechin equivalent per 100 g of pulp for the species of E. dysenterica and E. calcyna respectively. Evaluated species of fruit from Brazilian savanna can be considered good sources of total phenolic compounds, although the specific nature of different types should be evaluated in future studies.

Determinação de tanino em pedúnculo de caju: método da vanilina versus método do butanol ácido

To improve tannin assay in cashew apple, several parameters were examined, including (1) extraction solvents, (2) effects of water and boiling time on butanol acid reaction and (3) correlation between vanillin and butanol acid assay of tannin in cashew apples. The 50-70% acetone extracted the greatest amount of tannin from cashew apples. Concentrations of water in butanol reagents were adjusted and boiling time of butanol reaction was reduced at 15 min. Tannin of unripe cashew apples was purified on Sephadex LH-20, aiming to obtain tannin standard for butanol assay. The vanillin assay presented high correlation with the butanol acid assay.

Efeito do congelamento e do tempo de estocagem da polpa de acerola sobre o teor de carotenóides

ABSTRACT - Acerola ( Malpighia glabra L .) is one of the main natural sources of vitamin C and is an excellent source of carotenoids. Due to thevitamin potential of carotenoids, and their possible association with the carcinogenesis process, there is an increasing concern of the scientificcommunity about their chemistry and stability in food. The objective of this research was to study the effect of commercial freezing and storageprocedures on the carotenoid contents (in respect to the vitamin A potential) of acerola pulp. The acerola pulp was processed in a small industry inFortaleza, CE. The carotenoid contents were determined on freshly processed pulp (control), on recently frozen pulp and over time on stored frozenpulp. The β-carotene content of the frozen pulp has decreased 20% after four months of storage, when compared to the control content (7.09 µg/g),but no significant differences existed in the subsequent months. The β-criptoxantin content (1.7 µg/g) decreased 37% in the first month of storage,remaining practically constant until eleventh month, when it totalized a 62% drop. The content of α-carotene in pulp was small. About the vitamin Apotential, the control pulp showed 1338 UI/100g, corresponding to, approximately, 25% of the daily recommendation for this vitamin. After freezing,vitamin A potential was maintained until the third month of storage, when a significant drop of 20% was observed. No significant alterations weredetected in the subsequent months until the end of the evaluation period.

A comparative study of fatty acids profile of Passiflora seed from Brazilian savana

ABSTRACT- There is more 580 species of passion fruit in the world; the majority is native from Tropical and Subtropical America, especially from Brazil. Breeding programs use a small part of genetic resources available, because the potential of this material is not sufficiently characterized. The objective of this work was the characterization of lipids content and fatty acids profile present in the seeds of 03 species of wild native passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata, P. setacea e P. nitida) using commercial passion fruit (P. edulis) as reference. Total lipids were extracted with petroleum ether in Soxhlet extractor. The profile of methyl esters was characterized by gas chromatograph using flame ionization detector. The seeds of P. setacea showed higher content of oil (31.2-33.5 %), followed by P. nitida (29.5-32.3 %) and P. cincinnata (16.7-19.2 %). The P. setacea oil presented 64.7% of linoleic, 10.2% of palmitic and 19.7% of oleic acid. P. nitida presented myristic (0.6%), palmitic (15.3%), palmitoleic (2.0%), oleic (24.8%), linoleic (51.7%) and a not common acid in other Passiflora specie, the lauric acid (0.4%); P. cincinnata showed oleic (11.0%), palmitic (10.2%) and linoleic acid (74.3%). Linoleic acid was predominant in all evaluated species. All species presented vaccenic acid (0.3-0.6 %), described for first time in Passiflora genus.Index terms: passion seed, oil, gas chromatography, fatty acid, Savanna.

Composição de ácidos graxos em polpa de frutas nativas do cerrado

Araticum (Annona Crassiflora Mart.), coquinho-azedo (Butia Capitata Mart.) and pequi (Caryocar Brasiliense Camb.) are native fruits from the Brazilian Savanna with strong potential for sustained exploration. The objective of this study was the characterization of lipid contents and fatty acid profiles of these species. Total lipids were hot extracted with petroleum ether in Soxhlet extractor. The oil used for methyl ester profiles was cold extracted by Bligh & Dyer and characterized by gas chromatograph, using flame ionization detector. The pequi pulp presented highest oil content (30.89 %); araticum and coquinho-azedo pulps presented respectively 2.14 and 2.73 %. The oleic and palmitic acids predominated in all three species and all of them presented prevalence of unsaturated fat acids. The highest value was found in araticum pulp (78.3 %), followed by coquinho-azedo pulp (63.3 %). The araticum and coquinho-azedo pulps presented highest content of linolenic acid (2.5 to 3.7 %). Methyl esters of caproic acid found in these pulps seems to be linked to perception of fruit aroma of these native fruits from Cerrado.

Teores de ácido anacárdico em pedúnculos de cajueiro Anacardium microcarpum e em oito clones de Anacardium occidentale var. nanum disponíveis no Nordeste do Brasil

Anacardic acid, a phenolic compound present in cashew apple and in some medicinal plants, is being associated to some specific biological effects. The purpose of this work was to determine anacardic acid content in peduncles of A. microcarpum and eight clones of A. occidentale from Northeastern Brazil, evaluating some physical-chemical and sensory characteristics of these peduncles. Cashew apples from BRS 189 clone of early cashew tree presented the highest values of anacardic acid. Cashew apples from A. microcarpum and END 189, END 183, Embrapa 50, Embrapa 51 e CCP 09 clones of early cashew tree did not differ from control CCP 076 clone. Cashew apples from CCP 1001 clone presented the minor values of anacardic acid. Physical-chemical and sensory analyses showed evidence that CCP 09 and CCP 1001 clone are not appropriate to fresh consuption.

Carotenoids profile and total polyphenols in fruits of Pereskia aculeata Miller

Pereskia aculeata Mill. (Ora-pro-nobis) is a native cactaceae from tropical America, whose leaves have high protein content. In Brazil it is found in all territorial extension between the states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul. Most studies have focused on chemical characterization of the leaves of this specie. The objective was to assess the carotenoids profile and the total polyphenols present in the fruits of P. aculeate. Carotenoids were determined by HPLC-PAD (high performance liquid chromatography - photodiode array detector), total polyphenols were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and vanillin methods. Trans-β-carotene was the main carotenoid, followed by α-carotene, lutein and other minor carotenoids. It was found 64.9 ± 1.1 mg.100g-1 of gallic acid equivalent, 14.8 ± 0.2 mg.100g-1 of catechin equivalent. Carotenoid identification of P. aculeate fruits are presented here by the first time and indicate that these fruits can be researched as source of bioactive substances, especially antioxidant and provitamin A carotenoids.

Influência da saponificação na determinação de carotenoides em maracujás do cerrado

This work describes the evaluation of the effect of saponification process in the carotenoids content of three species of passion fruit. The results indicated the saponification of the extract was necessary to obtain cis-violaxanthin, trans-violaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin hydrolyzed. These compounds were found in fruits of commercial P. edulis and yellow wild P. edulis. However, the extract saponification did not permitted to obtain free carotenes in fruits of wild purple P. edulis and P. setacea, and to trans-violaxanthin of P. cincinnata, therefore saponification was not indicated in the carotenoid analysis of these three accessions of passion fruit.

Composição de carotenoides em passifloras do cerrado

The objective was to evaluate by HPLC qualitative and quantitative carotenoids pulp composition of passion fruit. Fruits coming from native accessions of four Cerrado passion fruit species (Passiflora cincinnata, P. nitida, P. setacea and P. edulis) were analyzed using commercial passion fruit (P. edulis) as reference. Passion fruit pulps showed neoxanthin, violaxanthin, cis-violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, prolycopene, poli-cis-carotene, cis-ζ-carotene, trans-ζ-carotene, trans-β-carotene, 13-cis-β-carotene and phytofluene. In general, carotenoids content were significantly different among species and among accessions of the same species. P. edulis species showed greater number of carotenoids with differences among accessions. In one commercial passion fruit accession trans-β-carotene was the major carotenoid (7.8±0.8 µg g-1) and other was trans-ζ-carotene (11.4±0.4 µg g-1). Two accessions of P. edulis native from the Cerrado showed cis-ζ-carotene like the major carotenoid (6.28±0.15 µg g-1 and 12.1±0.7 µg g-1, yellow peel and purple peel, respectively). Characterization of carotenoids profile in passion fruit species fruits showed diversity of composition with potential use for genetic improvement to add greater value to product and encourage consumption.

Fruits of Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc as good sources of β -carotene and provitamina

Butia capitata is a palm tree, widely found in the Brazilian savanna. Their fruits are largely used by local communities to prepare juices, jellies and ice-creams. The main objective of this work was to determine the carotenoids profile of Butia capitata fruits and their provitamin A values. Total carotenoids content ranged from 11.1 to 43.9 μg.g-1; β-carotene was the predominant carotenoid (5.2-22.8 μg.g-1), followed by γ-carotene, phytoene, phytofluene, ζ-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin (or zeinoxanthin) and α-carotene. Provitamin A values varied from 50 to 200 RAE.100g-1. This result suggests that B. capitata pulp may be a good source of β-carotene and provitamin A.