Tania Maria de Araujo

A utilização da variável raça/cor em Saúde Pública: possibilidades e limites

Propos-se discutir o uso da variavel raca/cor como fator determinante de desigualdades sociais e de exposicao social ao risco de adoecimento e morte. Trata-se de uma reflexao sobre a producao atual da literatura nacional e internacional da area de Saude Publica/Epidemiologia. Foram incluidos no estudo 47 artigos originais e de revisao no periodo de 1990 a 2005. Observou-se que os estudos internacionais procuram debater e fundamentar o uso da variavel raca/cor no campo da saude. No Brasil, a utilizacao dessa variavel em estudos de desigualdade em saude e ainda incipiente, mas, entre as poucas investigacoes realizadas, tem sido evidenciados diferenciais que instigam maior producao de pesquisas nessa direcao. Investigacoes sobre o papel da raca/cor na producao de diferenciais em saude poderao produzir informacoes capazes de contribuir para a elaboracao de politicas destinadas a reduzir desigualdades em saude.Propos-se discutir o uso da variavel raca/cor como fator determinante de desigualdades sociais e de exposicao social ao risco de adoecimento e morte. Trata-se de uma reflexao sobre a producao atual da literatura nacional e internacional da area de Saude Publica/Epidemiologia. Foram incluidos no estudo 47 artigos originais e de revisao no periodo de 1990 a 2005. Observou-se que os estudos internacionais procuram debater e fundamentar o uso da variavel raca/cor no campo da saude. No Brasil, a utilizacao dessa variavel em estudos de desigualdade em saude e ainda incipiente, mas, entre as poucas investigacoes realizadas, tem sido evidenciados diferenciais que instigam maior producao de pesquisas nessa direcao. Investigacoes sobre o papel da raca/cor na producao de diferenciais em saude poderao produzir informacoes capazes de contribuir para a elaboracao de politicas destinadas a reduzir desigualdades em saude.

Vigilância em Saúde Mental e Trabalho no Brasil: características, dificuldades e desafios

This paper addresses the challenges and difficulties in Work-related Mental Health (WMH) Surveillance in Brazil, based on a review of the bibliographic literature. From the compilation of identified academic research, it seeks to foster reflections about the current landscape of surveillance actions, its main obstacles, and possibilities for improvement. A survey of national publications was carried out using Scielo, Lilacs and PUBMED databases from 2002 until 2017. Systematizing the results allows us to group the following themes: Epidemiology of WMH in Brazil; Policies for WMH and VISAT; Work Environment for Mental Health; and, Actions and Interventions in the VISAT and WMH. The surveillance actions are still in the early stages; however, there is an effort to strengthen the RENAST, materialized in the creation of protocols and the promotion of national meetings which reflect the construction of a new surveillance model for worker health. We noted a search for new conceptual models of mental illness, a redefinition of the focus of care, and of intervention approaches highlighting the active role of workers, who are essential players in facing the challenges in this area.

Intersectionality of Race, Gender, and Common Mental Disorders in Northeastern Brazil

This study applies the perspective of intersectionality, defined as social identities combining with one another and with structural societal factors to produce health inequities, to assess the interaction between race, gender, and common mental disorders (CMD) in northeastern Brazil. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire was used to assess CMD among a representative sample of adults in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil (N=3273). Four groups (Black men, Black women, White women, White men) represented the intersection of race and gender. We used a Chi square test to compare the four groups and Poisson regressions to determine prevalence ratios (PR). White men had the lowest prevalence of CMD (11.1%) and Black women had the highest (37.2%). After adjusting for covariates, Black women had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of CMD than White men (PR=2.43; 95% CI: 1.39-4.25), though the prevalence among White women was not statistically significantly different from White men (PR=1.74; 95% CI: .93-3.30). Interaction tests were conducted on the multiplicative and additive scale, although the results were not statistically significant. These findings indicate that the experience of being both Black and a woman in Brazil is associated with elevated prevalence of CMD. Programs and interventions are needed to address this burden and research is needed to further explore its cause.

Trabalho docente e saúde das professoras da educação infantil

The article presents partial results of a quantitative and qualitative study that investigated the relationship between the teaching work process and the health of all the preschool teachers of a medium-sized city in Rio Grande do Sul. In all, 196 teachers participated in the study. In this article, we present the results of the qualitative phase that, through a semi-structured interview, investigated the educational practices used by the teachers in their daily work. Based on the information that came from the interviews, seven categories were identified, namely: Vocational Management Action, Moralizing Discourse, Intensification, Identity, Gender Categorization and Medication Intake. To analyze the interviews we used the Bardin Content Analysis model. The results showed that teachers are developing their work in precarious conditions, low salaries, with bureaucratic requirements, adverse physical conditions and these factors may be leading to medicine intake and illnesses. As a relatively new type of work, studies that give visibility to this group are necessary in order to improve the teacher’s working conditions and avoid problems with their health.

0209 Screening of common mental disorders among occupational groups: a review of dimensional structure of self reporting questionnaire–SRQ-20

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the dimensional structure of the SRQ-20 in different occupational groups. It’s a validation study that involved four sectional drawing surveys. Method Individual analysis of the databases has been conducted by using the method of principal components. The latent class analysis has been used in the factor analysis of tetrachoric correlations in order to assess the dimensionality of the instrument, aiming to tailor the assessment method to the distribution of variable (categorical). The Vuong-Lo-Mendell-Rubin test adjusted Lo Mendell Rubin (LRT Test), the parametric bootstrap verisimilitude ratio test has been used to review the adequacy of the number of classes extracted in the recipiency of the CMD. The reliability of the latent classes has been evaluated by Latent Class Reliability Coefficient (LCRC). Results The factor analysis of tetrachoric correlations allowed the assessment of the dimensions of the SRQ-20 and the comparison between different categories of workers. As a complement, the latent class analysis permitted the interpretation of subgroups for expressions of common mental disorders in the occupational sphere, providing in-depth research. Conclusions The study combined two methods of analysis for assessing the dimensional structure of the SRQ 20 among workers. The factor analysis of tetrachoric correlations enabled us to verify the dimensional stability of the instrument, since the number of extracted factors and dimensions represented maintained similarities in the groups assessed. The study points to the use of measures of SRQ 20 as valid for screening TMC occupational groups.