Tânia Maria de Moura

Allelic diversity in populations of Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil (Solanaceae) in a protected area and a disturbed environment

This study aimed to compare the genetic diversity of populations of Solanum lycocarpum A.St.-Hil between natural and human disturbed environments, with the assumption that protected areas have greater genetic diversity than disturbed areas. For this study, two populations were sampled in Goias State, Brazil. One was located in a conservation unit, Serra de Caldas Novas State Park, in the Caldas Novas municipality. The other was located in a pasture area in the municipality of Morrinhos. The two populations are 41 km apart. We sampled 60 individuals from each population, which were genotyped with five microsatellite loci (SSR). The highest number of alleles was recorded in the population of the conservation unit, where we found 11 exclusive and five rare alleles. In the disturbed area, we recorded only three exclusive alleles and one rare allele. Although we did not observe significant inbreeding in these populations, genetic divergence between them was high (GST (Hedrick)=0.147 =0.147) for a species with long distance seed dispersal. The results corroborate the hypothesis that the population in the less disturbed area harbors greater allelic diversity. They also confirm the effectiveness of using protected areas to preserve the genetic diversity of the species.

Three new species of Mucuna (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Phaseoleae) from South America

SummaryThree new species of Mucuna from South America are described and illustrated. All present a morphological characteristic that is restricted to some neotropical species of this genus: a condensed primary inflorescence axis, with all the flowers closely inserted at the inflorescence apex. M. argentea occurs in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, M. klitgaardiae in Ecuador and Peru, whilst M. cajamarca is endemic to Peru. These three new species highlight the diversity and high endemism of Mucuna in South America.

A Taxonomic Revision of Mucuna (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae: Phaseoleae) in Brazil

Abstract In advance of a comprehensive systematic study of New World Mucuna, we provide a taxonomic revision of the species of Mucuna that occur in Brazil. A new species, Mucuna analucianae , endemic to eastern and central Brazil, is described and illustrated. Mucuna huberi is designated as a synonym of M. elliptica, and a lectotype for M. elliptica is chosen. Mucuna pluricostata is considered to be a synonym of M. pruriens, and a lectotype for M. pluricostata is chosen. Mucuna eriocarpa is excluded from the genus. We recognize seven species of Mucuna in Brazil, only two of which are endemic to the country. Two of the seven species are assessed as endangered (EN) according to IUCN criteria.

A new combination for an endemic Hawaiian species of Mucuna (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae), with a key to the Hawaiian taxa of the genus

SummaryHerbarium-based studies of Mucuna lead us to make a new combination for a Hawaiian taxon. Mucuna persericea, formerly M. sloanei var. persericea, is an endangered species according to IUCN criteria. It is narrowly endemic to the island of Maui. With its recognition at the species level, we conclude that the genus is represented in Hawaii by three native species, plus several alien species, which are locally cultivated and potentially naturalised. We provide a key to aid in the identification of both the native and cultivated taxa.

(2283) Proposal to reject the name Dolichos altissimus ( Leguminosae : Papilionoideae ) thus protecting the name Mucuna gigantea

1 Post doctoral researcher—Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, U.K. 2 Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brasil 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, Saint Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. 4 Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Jardim Botânico, 22460-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil 5 Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, U.K. Author for correspondence: Tânia M. Moura, tmariamoura@gmail.com

Mucuna tapantiana (Fabaceae: Faboideae: Phaseoleae), a new species from Costa Rica

Summary. A new species of Mucuna (Fabaceae: Faboideae: Phaseoleae), endemic to Costa Rica, is described and illustrated. Mucuna tapantiana is distinguished by its small, essentially glabrous leaflets, conspicuous filiform peduncle and pedicels, inflorescences with few green or yellowish-green flowers; fruits with softly villous, yellowish or brownish pubescence on the outer surface (when fresh), but without urticating trichomes, turning dark brown or blackish when dry, 1 – 2-seeded; seeds oblong and laterally compressed.

A New Infrageneric Classification of Mucuna (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae): Supported by Morphology, Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography

Abstract The previous infrageneric classification of Mucuna (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) recognized two subgenera, M. subg. Mucuna and M. subg. Stizolobium, but that classification is not supported fully by molecular phylogenetic analyses, which reveal three main clades in Mucuna (rather than the traditional two). A new taxon M. subg. Macrocarpa is proposed based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic analysis, supported by fruit characters and biogeography. Historically, the representatives of this new subgenus were considered as members of M. subg. Mucuna, but species of subgenus Macrocarpa differ from species of the other two subgenera by their longer ovaries containing a higher number of ovules and, consequently, longer pods containing more seeds, and by the different fruit length to width ratio. This study presents a new infrageneric classification of the genus Mucuna. The six species of M. subg. Macrocarpa are reviewed, and species descriptions, typifications (including five new lectotypes), a distribution map, and a species identification key are presented.

Taxonomic Studies in Mucuna Adans. (Leguminosae — Papilionoideae) from Peru

Abstract An account of the 11 species of Mucuna (one described as new to science: Mucuna pseudoelliptica) occurring in Peru is provided. Information about types and synonyms are presented, as well as the conservation status of, and a distribution map for, each species. A key to identify the Peruvian species of Mucuna is also presented.

Morphological variation in pollen grains of Mucuna (Leguminosae): new biogeographic and evolutionary patterns

Mucuna comprises 105 species with an overall pantropical distribution and is divided into three subgenera: M. subg. Mucuna, M. subg. Stizolobium and M. subg. Macrocarpa. Although phylogenetic studies have supported the occurrence of three main clades, evolutionary relationships among them are not fully resolved. The objective of this study was to examine pollen grain morphology from representatives of all three subgenera and map these onto the phylogenetic trees generated by analysis of other characters. Pollen grain surface, form, size, and aperture number were compared. A Bayesian inference tree using matK sequences was constructed. The results indicate that the representatives of M. subg. Macrocarpa have the smallest pollen grains in the genus (a synapomorphic character here identified for this subgenus) and that species of subgenus Mucuna (those with umbelliform inflorescences) have the largest pollen grains. Additional morphological diversity of the pollen grain surface was noted: reticulate and/or micro-reticulate (in all three subgenera), perforate, gemmate or verrucose (only in M. subg. Mucuna). For all studied taxa, the pollen grains are triaperturate, except for two species of M. subg. Mucuna, which have tetraperturate pollen. The phylogenetic tree obtained using the matK marker resolved M. subg. Stizolobium as the earliest diverging lineage in Mucuna. Based on this phylogeny, a reticulate ornamentation pattern of the pollen surface may represent the ancestral state for the genus, while the larger pollen size and the foraminate, gemmate, and verrucose ornamentations are derived characteristics within the genus. These putative derived ornamentations have been observed only in neotropical species.

A New Circumscription of Nissolia (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae-Dalbergieae), with Chaetocalyx as a New Generic Synonym

Abstract. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed Chaetocalyx DC. as a paraphyletic genus with Nissolia Jacq. nested within it, based on both nuclear ribosomal and plastid evidence. Considering the morphological similarity among the species of these two genera, which are vegetatively almost indistinguishable, we are here transferring the species of Chaetocalyx to Nissolia. Type information for all accepted species of Nissolia in its new circumscription is presented, including 16 new lectotype designations and the designation of one epitype. Diagnostic characters and information about the geographical distribution of each species are also noted. Nissolia s.l. is now represented by 30 taxa (29 species plus one variety) distributed from North to South America, with two centers of diversity found in Mexico and Brazil.