Tatyana S. Vshivkova

Freshwater biomonitoring with macroinvertebrates in East Asia

This paper summarizes the history and current status of efforts to implement macroinvertebrate biomonitoring protocols for surface water pollution in China, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Russia (Far East), and Thailand. Impediments to biomonitoring in some of these countries include: (1) lack of knowledge about macroinvertebrate fauna and their tolerance values, especially during the aquatic, immature stages; (2) the scarcity of research programs and formal training opportunities for biomonitoring offered in universities; (3) the shortage of high-quality microscopes and other necessary equipment; and (4) limited government understanding and support for biomonitoring, few skilled regulatory staff, and the persistence of old and unusable biomonitoring protocols. A recently established regional network, the Aquatic Entomological Society of East Asia (AESEA), and several major recent publications are helping to coordinate and promote science and technology in East Asia.

Two new species of the genus Plectrocnemia Stephens (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) from the Russian Far East

Two new species of the genus Plectrocnemia Stephens, Plectrocnemia levanidovae, sp. n., from Sakhalin Island and the southern Kuril Islands, and Plectrocnemia martynovae, sp. n., from southern Primorye, are described and illustrated. The new species belong to the P. tortosa Group and are the sister species of P. tortosa Banks, from China, and P. appensata Mey, from Vietnam.

Synthesis of 7-hydroxy-6-alkoxy derivatives of 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline by ritter reaction

Abstract1-Substituted 6,7-dialkoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines containing in the position 7 of the isoquinoline ring propoxy- or butoxy groups in the course of maintaining in the concentrated sulfuric acid are converted into 1-substituted 6-alkoxy-7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines.

Synthesis of 1-functionalized di- and tetramethyl-3,4-dihydrobenzofuro[3,2-g]-and [2,3-h]isoquinoline derivatives

Linear and angular 1-substituted derivatives of 3,3-di- and 3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydrobenzofuroisoquinoline were obtained under Ritter reaction conditions, and the stereochemical features of these compounds were analyzed.

Synthesis of New 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives. 2-(2,3,3-Trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)anilines

A four-step procedure has been developed for the synthesis of new 2-(2,3,3-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)anilines by acylation of 2-(3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)anilines at the amino group with isobutyryl chloride, reduction of the endocyclic C=N bond in N-[2-(3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)phenyl]isobutyramides, N-alkylation of N-[2-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)phenyl]isobutyramides to N-[2-(2,3,3-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)phenyl]isobutyramides, and acid hydrolysis of the latter.

Synthesis of new pyrrolo[3,2-l]acridinones and pyrrolo[3,2-c][1,8]naphthyridinones by condensation of methoxybenzenes or phenols with isobutyric aldehyde and o-aminonitriles

A reaction of methoxybenzenes or phenols with isobutyric aldehyde and 2-amino-5-nitro- or 2-amino-4-chlorobenzonitriles in concentrated H2SO4 medium was used for the preparation of new pyrrolo[3,2-l]acridinone derivatives. Analogous reactions using 2-amino-3-pyridinecarbonitrile enabled the synthesis of previously unknown benzo[b]pyrrolo[3,2-c][1,8]naphthyridinones.

Synthesis of Podands of the 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline series

Podands containing 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline fragments were synthesized by reactions of 1,1′-{ethane-1,2-diylbis[oxy(3-methoxybenzene-4,1-diyl)]}bis(2-methylpropan-1-ol) and 1-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2-methoxy-4-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)benzene with ethyl cyanoacetate and methyl thiocyanate in concentrated sulfuric acid. Likewise, 1-substituted 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines having a crown ether fragment were obtained from 4-acetylbenzo-12-crown-4.

Synthesis of 6H,7H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolinium zwitterions from 6-nitro-2-polyfluoroalkylchromones and 1,3,3-trimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines

Abstract1,3,3-Trimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and their crown-containing derivatives react with 6-nitro-2-polyfluoroalkylchromones in THF at room temperature with the formation of zwitterionic axially chiral 6H,7H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolinium derivatives, which were converted to 2,6-diaryl-4-polyfluoroalkylpyridines, including those with the benzocrown-ether fragment.

A Three-Component Condensation of 2,5-Dialkyl-Phenols, Isobutyric Aldehyde, and Nitriles. Synthesis of New 2-Azaspiro[4.5]Deca-6,9-Dien-8-Ones and 2-Azaspiro[4.5]Deca-1,6,9-Trien-8-Ones

The interaction of 2,5-dialkylphenols (2,5-dimethylphenol and 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) with isobutyric aldehyde and nitriles in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst resulted in the formation of 1-R-9-alkyl-3,3,6-trimethyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-dien-8-ones and 1-R-9-alkyl-3,3,6-trimethyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1,6,9-trien-8-ones.

Ritter reaction. Synthesis of 1-substituted 3,3,7,9-tetramethyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-dien- and -1,6,9-trien-8-ones and 7-methoxy-3,3,6,8-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines

Abstract1-(4-Methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol reacted with nitriles [MeSCN, PhCN, MeCN, EtOC(O)CH2CN] in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to give both 1-R-3,3,7,9-tetramethyl-2-azaspiro[4,5]deca-6,9-dien- and -1,6,9-trien-8-ones and 1-R-7-methoxy-3,3,6,8-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines. The reaction with 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetonitrile afforded 10,11-dimethoxy-1,3,6,6-tetramethyl-1,5,6,12b-tetrahydrodibenzo[d,f]indole-2,8-dione. Three-component condensation of 2-methoxy-1,3-dimethylbenzene with isobutyraldehyde and nitriles led to the formation of spirocyclic systems and 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline derivatives in lower yield.