Telma Lucia Bezerra Alves

INFLUÊNCIA DO CLIMA NA INCIDÊNCIA DE INFECÇÃO RESPIRATÓRIA AGUDA EM CRIANÇAS NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE CAMPINA GRANDE E MONTEIRO, PARAÍBA, BRASIL

The present study evaluated the influence of climatic variables (rainfall, air temperature and humidity) on the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in children under two years old in the counties of Monteiro and Campina Grande, Paraiba, during the period from 1998 to 2012. A multiple linear correlation model was used to assess relationship between climate variables and the number of cases of ARI. The results for Campina Grande, revealed a quadratic behavior of the IRA variable in children under two years old and the maximum occurrence of these cases between the years 2003 and 2005. However, at Monteiro, the annual number of occurrence of ARI cases is highly variable and irregular. In Campina Grande, only temperature and relative humidity were significant to represent the incidence of ARI in children younger than 2 years, with 99% of the variability explained by the model. However, at Monteiro, the analysis shows that the three climate variables were significant for representing the incidence of these infections with 90% of the variability explained by the model.

SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS AND DESERTIFICATION IN THE UPPER COURSE OF THE PARAÍBA RIVER WATERSHED

The aim of the current study is to assess the relation between socioeconomic indicators and land degradation in the upper course of the Paraíba River watershed. The indicators were selected based on the literature and on the census data available. The positive or negative relation between these indicators and soil degradation was identified. The mean values of the socioeconomic index per county (Isec) have shown soil degradation in the entire upper course of the watershed, although predominantly at low levels, whereas the Northwestern area has shown the strongest anthropic pressure. The upper course of the watershed has shown trend to socioeconomic index (Isew) increase and its mean value has indicated “moderate” land degradation.

Comportamento da Precipitação Pluvial e sua Relação com o Relevo nas Microrregiões do Cariri Oriental e Ocidental do Estado da Paraíba (Rainfall Behavior Rain and Its Relationship with Relief in the Regions Cariri of Eastern and Western State of Paraíba)

O estudo objetivou investigar o comportamento da precipitacao pluvial e sua possivel interacao com as caracteristicas fisicas do relevo nas microrregioes do Cariri Oriental e Ocidental do Estado da Paraiba. Foram utilizados dados de um modelo digital de elevacao (MDE) para obtencao de informacoes do relevo e dados de precipitacao pluvial de 9 municipios da microrregiao do Cariri Oriental e 13 do Cariri Ocidental. O teste de Mann-Kendall foi utilizado para identificacao de tendencia nas series temporais e o metodo de Sen para quantificacao da tendencia. O metodo de interpolacao utilizado para a espacializacao dos valores da precipitacao pluvial e da estatistica MK foi o geoestatistico (krigagem). Os principais resultados evidenciam que a precipitacao pluvial media anual apresenta variacao crescente no sentido Leste - Oeste das microrregioes estudadas, com minimo de 320 mm.ano-1 em Cabaceiras e maximo de 680 mm.ano-1 nos municipios de Prata e Ouro Velho; a microrregiao do Cariri Oriental e menos chuvosa que o Cariri Ocidental, o que se deve, em partes, as baixas altitudes, caracterizando uma regiao interplanaltica; ha uma tendencia de reducao nao significativa da precipitacao pluvial na microrregiao do Cariri Ocidental, com nucleo mais acentuado no municipio de Camalau. Entretanto, na microrregiao do Cariri Oriental ocorre um acrescimo significativo da precipitacao, com nucleo mais acentuado no municipio de Cabaceiras. A B S T R A C T The study aimed to investigate the behavior of rainfall and its possible interaction with the physical characteristics of the relief in the regions of Eastern and Western Cariri of Paraiba State. Data from a digital elevation model were used (MDE) to obtain information Relief and rainfall data of 9 municipalities in the Eastern Cariri micro region and 13 in the Western Cariri. The Mann-Kendall test was used to identify trend in time series and Senmethod for quantification of the tendency. The interpolation method used for the spatial values of rainfall and statistics MK was the geostatistical (kriging). The main results show that the average annual precipitation has increased variation in the east direction - west of the studied micro-regions, with a minimum of 320 mm.ano-1 in Cabaceiras and maximum of 680 mm.ano-1 in the municipalities of Ouro Velho and Prata; the micro Eastern Cariri is less rainy than the western Cariri, which is due, in part, to low altitudes, featuring a interplanaltica region; there is no significant downward trend of rainfall in the micro region of West Cariri, with stronger core in the municipality of Camalau. However, in the Eastern Cariri micro region is a significant increase in precipitation, with stronger core in the municipality of Cabaceiras. Keywords: semiarid, trend analysis, spatial and temporal variability.

Monitoring of droughts in municipalities of the Sertão Paraibano

Drought is a natural phenomenon that affects all regions. There is great difficulty in getting a consensus to define the real meaning of the theme; this occurs mainly there are differences in hydrometeorological variables and socioeconomic factors as well as the random nature of the demand for water. Despite the large number of researchers working with dried in the world, there is an information gap, especially in duration, water deficit, intensity and return period of droughts in Northeast Brazil. The objective this research is to analyze the duration, water deficit, intensity and return period of droughts in the municipalities of the Sertão Paraibano. Were used data of precipitates monthly totals in the period of 1994-2014 the municipalities of Cajazeiras, Catolé do Rocha, Patos, Pombal, São Bento and Sousa. The execution method was used in order to identify periods of droughts and assess their statistical properties. The municipality of Sousa had the highest number of droughts, eight in total, followed by Cajazeiras, Catolé do Rocha, São Bento (seven droughts), Patos and Pombal (six droughts). The longest drought occurred in Patos, started in 1997 and ended in 2001, lasting five years. The more severe droughts in these municipalities occurred between 1997-1999, 2001-2003 and 2012-2014, that is, those who had longer duration, bigger water deficit and bigger intensity. The analysis of period of return of droughts most severe in the municipalities show very different values, with the longest occurring in Patos, during the drought of 1997-2001, where the probability of occurrence of another drought of the same duration is of one to every 89 years. Droughts with durations equal or superior can occur in 67 years. Already the water deficit can be overcome in 33 years.

INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC VARIATIONS IN THE OCCURRENCE OF DISEASES OF THE UPPER AIRWAYS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF MONTEIRO – PB

The present study evaluated the effects of climatic variables (precipitation, mean air temperature and relative humidity) on the incidence of upper respiratory tract illnesses in the municipality of Monteiro – PB. The datasets of occurrence of hospitalizations for diseases of the upper respiratory tract (HDURT) in the municipality of Monteiro PB was obtained from the Department of the SUS - DATASUS, whose information can be found on the Ministry of Health website, for the period 2008 to 2012. The climate da ta (rainfall, average air temperature and relative humidity), also corresponding to the period from 2008 to 2012, were collected from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) site, coming from automatic meteorological stations. The linear Spearman correlation was used to assess the degree of correlation between climate variables and the number of HDURT. The results showed that: a) the maximum values of the number of records HDURT occur during the autumn-winter (March to August) and minimum during the spring-summer (September to February), being lower in the year 2012 (drier year with rainfall below average) when compared to that summer of 2006 and 2008 (years with wetter summers). The climate variables showed a rainy season that extends from March to May, with rainfall less uniform variable and very weak correlation with the records of HDURT (R² = 0.119), with a peak in May. The monthly average air temperature showed low variability, being higher in the summer (December to March) and lower in the winter (June-August), with a minimum in July. The relative humidity was always lower in period of spring and early summer (September to December) and higher in the winter period (from June to August); c) The average number of monthly records of URTI was inversely correlated with air temperature (R² = 0.512) and showed a strong increasing / positive correlation with relative humidity (R² = 0.912).

Análise das Classes de Cobertura Vegetal no Entorno do Açude Manoel Marcionílo, Taperoá-PB (Class Analysis of Vegetation Cover in Surrounding the Weir Manoel Marcionílo, Taperoá - PB)

Este trabalho objetivou identificar e analisar as diferentes classes de cobertura vegetal no entorno do acude Manoel Marcionilo para os anos de 1996 e 2010. As imagens utilizadas neste trabalho foram adquiridas a partir do catalogo de imagens do INPE (Instituto nacional de pesquisas espaciais). O criterio de selecao das imagens baseou-se principalmente na quantidade e distribuicao de nuvens, na area de estudo, as imagens TM (Thematic Mapper) Landsat-5 selecionadas foram com data de passagem de 11/02/1996 e 24/05/2010. O sistema utilizado para o processamento de informacoes georreferenciadas foi o SPRING. Na area de estudo predominam as classes de vegetacao rala, rala + solo exposto e solo exposto, representando um valor de pouca cobertura e protecao do solo. As principais atividades que fizeram aumentar as areas com vegetacao rala, rala + solo exposto e solo exposto foram: agropecuaria, extracao de especies florestais para serem utilizadas nas residencias como fontes energeticas, para fabricar telhas/tijolos, alem da implantacao de loteamentos, da construcao civil e a grande densidade demografica, essas atividades tem provocado perdas de biodiversidade, desencadeado processos erosivos e provocado um grande assoreamento ao acude.

A utilização de charges e tiras humorísticas como recurso didático-pedagógico mobilizador no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da Geografia

This study aimed to evaluate the use of political cartoons and comic strips as teaching resources in the teaching and learning of geography. Emphasis was given to Environmental Geography, correlating the content covered with selected images. Literature and field searches were conducted with students of the Geography degree from two Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the city of Campina Grande-PB, where the critical-reflective analysis of graphic representations above was carried out. It was concluded that the use of political cartoons and comic strips is a strategic resource for teachers. These resources presented themselves as potentials to be explored and disseminated in the educational context because besides arousing students’ curiosity it makes them become interested in the content which is transmitted and built through it

Degradação Ambiental no Entorno da Bacia Hidráulica do Açude Manoel Marcionilo, Taperoá-PB (Environmental Degradation in the Surrounding Basin Hydraulic Weir Manoel Marcionilo, Taperoá-PB)

Este trabalho objetivou identificar as principais atividades que estao causando degradacao ambiental e elaborar mapas tematicos que retratem a evolucao espaco-temporal dessa degradacao no entorno da bacia hidraulica do acude Manoel Marcionilo para os anos de 1996 e 2010, atraves de analises de imagens orbitais do Landsat-5. As imagens utilizadas neste trabalho foram adquiridas a partir do catalogo de imagens do INPE, as imagens TM Landsat-5 selecionadas foram com data de passagem de 11/02/1996 e 24/05/2010. O sistema utilizado para o processamento de informacoes georreferenciadas foi o SPRING. Pode-se observar que a quantidade de areas de solo exposto e/ou vegetacao rala aumentaram significativamente entre 1996 e 2010. As principais atividades que aumentaram a degradacao ambiental foram: agropecuaria, desmatamentos para retirar lenha para utilizar no cozimento de alimentos, para fabricar telhas/tijolos e para implantar loteamentos, construcao de currais e a grande densidade demografica, essas atividades tem provocado perdas de biodiversidade, desencadeado processos erosivos e provocado um grande assoreamento no acude. Palavras - chave: Degradacao ambiental; Vegetacao rala; Solo exposto. Environmental Degradation in the Surrounding Basin Hydraulic Weir Manoel Marcionilo, Taperoa-PB ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the main activities that are causing environmental degradation and produce thematic maps that depict the evolution of space-time degradation in the basin around Manoel Marcionilo hydraulic reservoir for the years 1996 and 2010, through analysis images of Landsat-5 satellite. The images used in this study were acquired from the catalog of images from INPE, the Landsat-5 TM images were selected with a date of passage of 11/02/1996 and 24/05/2010. The system for processing information georeferenced was SPRING. It was observed that the amount of exposed soil areas and / or sparse vegetation increased significantly between 1996 and 2010. The main activities that increased environmental degradation were: agriculture, deforestation to remove wood for use in cooking, to manufacture tiles / bricks and deploy lots, building corrals and densely populated, these activities have caused biodiversity losses, triggered caused erosion and siltation in a big pond. Keywords: Environmental degradation; Sparse vegetation; Exposed soil.