Tetsuro Kono

The electron-microscopic stucture and chemical composition of the isolated sarcolemma of the rat skeletal muscle cell

Abstract Purified tubular membranes prepared by extracting rat skeletal muscle cell fragments with buffered 0.4 M LiBr solution have been shown by electron microscopy to retain the major three layers (outer network of collagen fibrils, middle basement membrane, and inner plasma membrane) of the sarcolemma of the intact muscle cell. A chloroformue5f8methanol mixture destroyed the plasma membrane, thereby extracting steroid, glyceride, phosphatide, protein and carbohydrate. A collagenase (EC 3.4.4.19) preparation appeared to digest not only the collagen network, but also the basement membrane. The lipid extractio or collagenase treatment did not destroy the tubular structure of the isolated membrane, but successive application of both treatments yielded only an amorphous precipitate.

An automatic method for elementary micro analyses

SummaryA method for automatically controlled combustion in organic elementary micro analysis is described. The movable furnace, which is 8 cm long and normally travels at a rate of 13 mm/min, stops automatically when the pressure in the combustion tube rises. In consequence, samples can be burned automatically according to the amount and the mode of combustion. The method has been applied satisfactorily to the determinations of carbon-hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen. Several improvements in these determinations are also proposed.ZusammenfassungEin Verfahren für die automatische Regulierung des Verbrennungsvorganges bei organischen Mikroelementaranalysen wurde beschrieben. Der 8 cm lange bewegliche Ofen wird normalerweise mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 13 mm/min vorgerückt und automatisch angehalten, wenn der Druck im Verbrennungsrohr ansteigt. Die Einwaage kann daher ihrer Größe und ihrer Verbrennungsart entsprechend automatisch erhitzt werden. Das Verfahren bewährte sich für die Bestimmung des Kohlenstoffes und Wasserstoffes, des Stickstoffes, des Schwefels und des Sauerstoffes. Einzelne Verbesserungen dieser Bestimmungsmethoden werden ebenfalls vorgeschlagen.RésuméDescription dune méthode de combustion automatique pour la micro-analyse élémentaire organique. Le four mobile, qui mesure 8 cm de long et se déplace normalement à la vitesse de 13 rnm/mn, sarrête automatiquement quand la pression sélève dans le tube à combustion. Il en résulte quil est possible deffectuer la combustion automatique déchantillons divers en fonction du poid et de la combustibilité de la prise dessai. La méthode a été appliquée avec succès aux déterminations du carbone et de lhydrogène, de lazote, du soufre et de loxygène. Plusieurs améliorations sont également proposées pour ces différentes déterminations.

Nature of Lysolecithin in Rice Grains:Part I. Lysolecithin as a Constituent of Non-Glutinous Rice Grains

In 1930, Iwata isolated lysolecithin from polished rice grains. Though Iwata proved that the oral administration was not harmful, the biological significance of the presence of lysolecithin in rice grains was a problem left unsolved for a period covering two decades. It was not made clear whether lysolecithin was a constituent of rice grains, or was formed from lecithin naturally or artificially either in storage or during the isolation procedure. Neither was the location of lysolecithin in the grains determined. This article makes it clear that lysolecithin is n normal constituent of non-glutinous rice grains, being formed during the stage of ripening, and is practically unchanged during storage. Lysolecithin is present exclusively, in the endosperm of non-glutinous rice grains, but is not present in glutinous grains.

Electrolytic Reduction of Physiologically Important Substances at Controlled Potential: Part I. A Partially Active Product of Diphosphopyridine Nucleotide

By means of the electrolytic reduction of diphosphopyridine nucleotide at controlled potential using mercury as the cathode, the author has obtained a product which showed an absorption spectra similar to that of dihydrodiphosphopyridine nucleotide. The optical density of the product at 340 mμ diminished partly with the addition of alcohol-dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde or with that of malic acid-dehydrogenase and oxaloacetate as the oxidizing system. The same absorption band was completely disappeared by the addition of a fraction obtained from mung bean seedlings.

Mikro-Determination of Oxygen in Organic Compounds

There are many difficulties in the direct determination of oxygen by the method of UNTERZAUCHER. In this modification, the CO produced by the high temperature-carbon was oxidized with CuO (oxidation-furnace shown in Fig. 1. E) and the CO2 was determined gravimetrically. The temperature of the oxidation furnace was fixed at 235° (Fig. 4). It was found that the application of copper-wire (Fig. 1. B) at 550° oculd not remove all the blank values caused by the nitrogen gas used in this experiment. But when the gas was first oxidized with CuO (Fig. 1. A) at 550° and then reduced with Cu at 550° after removing acidic gases with ascalite, the blank value was diminished considerably (see Fig. 6 and Table 2).

Studies on Chemical Reactions by High Frequency Oscillotor

High frequency titration of weak acids was examined. Though MAsUI and KAMURA claimed that when weak base such as pyridine or quinoline was added to aqueous solutions of weak acids, the latter of pKa up to 7 could be titrated with NaOH, the authors showed that the use of collidine instead of pyridine was much preferable to get an accurate titration of weak acids of pKa=7. They also showed that when pyridine was used, the weak acids of pKa up to 6 could be titrated with Na2CO3 without any consideration of blank value. N/100 Na2CO3 behaves as N/200 Na2CO3 in this titration. Fatty acids in oil could not be titrated as above in alcoholic soln. or in aqueous, suspension, but they could be titrated in 50%(v) alcohol with the help of collidine and Tween 60.

A Capacitive Relay for a Fraction Collector

A relay was designed which operates by the change of dielectric constant. A coaxial condenser (Figs. 1 and 2) is connected parallelly with the tuning circuit of a crystalline oscilator (Figs. 1 and 4). When the circuit is syntonized, the relay does not operate and the magic eye is closed. Now, when a liquid, say water, flown in the coaxial condenser, its capacity is increased enough to break off the syntony and stop the oscillation. The magic eye is opened and the relay operates until the liquid flows out of the condenser. For the liquid of a low dielectric constant, the measure of the coaxial condenser has a large effect. Type A (Tables 1 and 2) is the one which operates even in the case of ligroin when its volume is over 5 cc. Except this restriction, the relay works well, stably and surely.

Studies on Chemical Reactions by a High Frequency Oscillator

1. Colpitts型新高周波分析回路を設計試作し,主として強酸,強塩基の中和反応を追跡した. 2. HCl溶液を中和するのにN/100 Na0H溶液を使用するよりもN 100 Na2CO3溶液を使用した方が溶解したCO2の影響がなく直線的なgraphを得ることが出来る. 3. 上記の中和点は少量のNH4Cl存在によつて影響されないから,これをmicro-KJELDAHLに利用すればよい結果を得ることが出来る. 本研究に当り種々御指導を仰いだ佐橋教授,丸尾助教授始め研究室の各位,及び回路を作るために御教示を受けた応用物理の古賀氏,電気の田宮氏に深く感謝する.尚古賀氏には周波数の測定もお願いした.