Theerathavaj Srithavaj

In vitro effects of Salvia officinalis L. essential oil on Candida albicans.

OBJECTIVE To determine the anticandidal activities of Salvia officinalis L. (S. officinalis) essential oil against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and the inhibitory effects on the adhesion of C. albicans to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin surface. METHODS Disc diffusion method was first used to test the anticandidal activities of the S. officinalis L. essential oil against the reference strain (ATCC 90028) and 2 clinical strains of C. albicans. Then the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC) were determined by modified membrane method. The adhesion of C. albicans to PMMA resin surface was assessed after immersion with S. officinalis L. essential oil at various concentrations of 1×MIC, 0.5×MIC and 0.25×MIC at room temperature for 30 min. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the Candida cell adhesion with the pretreatment agents and Tukeys test was used for multiple comparisons. RESULTS S. officinalis L. essential oil exhibited anticandidal activity against all strains of C. albicans with inhibition zone ranging from 40.5 mm to 19.5 mm. The MIC and MLC of the oil were determined as 2.780 g/L against all test strains. According to the effects on C. albicans adhesion to PMMA resin surface, it was found that immersion in the essential oil at concentrations of 1×MIC (2.780 g/L), 0.5×MIC (1.390 g/L) and 0.25×MIC (0.695 g/L) for 30 min significantly reduced the adhesion of all 3 test strains to PMMA resin surface in a dose dependent manner (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS S. officinalis L. essential oil exhibited anticandidal activities against C. albicans and had inhibitory effects on the adhesion of the cells to PMMA resin surface. With further testing and development, S. officinalis essential oil may be used as an antifungal denture cleanser to prevent candidal adhesion and thus reduce the risk of candida-associated denture stomatitis.

Lemongrass-Incorporated Tissue Conditioner Against Candida albicans Culture

BACKGROUND Tissue conditioner is applied popularly with dental prosthesis during wound healing process but it becomes a reservoir of oral microbiota, especially Candida species after long-term usage. Several antifungal drugs have been mixed with this material to control fungal level. In this study, lemongrass essential oil was added into COE-COMFORT tissue conditioner before being determined for anti-Candida efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil was primarily determined for antifungal activity against C. albicans American type culture collection (ATCC) 10231 and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) value by agar disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods, respectively. COE-COMFORT tissue conditioner was prepared as recommended by the manufacturer after a fixed volume of the oil at its MIC or higher concentrations were mixed thoroughly in its liquid part. Antifungal efficacy of the tissue conditioner with/without herb was finally analyzed. RESULTS Lemongrass essential oil displayed potent antifungal activity against C. albicans ATCC 10231and its MIC value was 0.06% (v/v). Dissimilarly, the tissue conditioner containing the oil at MIC level did not cease the growth of the tested fungus. Both reference and clinical isolates of C. albicans were completely inhibited after exposed to the tissue conditioner containing at least 0.25% (v/v) of the oil (approximately 4-time MIC). The tissue conditioner without herb or with nystatin was employed as negative or positive control, respectively. CONCLUSION COE-COMFORT tissue conditioner supplemented with lemongrass essential oil obviously demonstrated another desirable property as in vitro anti-Candida efficacy to minimize the risk of getting Candidal infection.

Late effects of orbital enucleation and radiation on maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation: A clinical report.

The retinoblastoma is one of the most common tumors of the eye diagnosed in childhood. The treatment for patients with retinoblastoma includes surgical removal of the lesion along with adjunctive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. If the tumor is controlled, these treatments can have secondary adverse effects pertaining to the growth and development of orofacial structures in young patients. This clinical report describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient who underwent enucleation followed by radiation therapy and adjunctive chemotherapy to treat the primary diagnosis of retinoblastoma. This therapy resulted in a combination of dental and facial growth and developmental abnormalities.

Effect of essential oils prepared from Thai culinary herbs on sessile Candida albicans cultures.

Although medicinal herbs with fungicidal effects have been ubiquitously employed in traditional medicine, such effects of culinary herbs and spices still have to be elucidated. Therefore, it is noteworthy to determine the antifungal efficacy of some edible herbs used in Thai cuisine against sessile Candida albicans cultures, and to inquire if they can be further utilized as naturally-derived antifungals. Fourteen essential oils extracted from Thai culinary herbs and spices were tested for their antifungal activity against C. albicans using the agar disk diffusion method followed by broth micro-dilution method for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration. The oils with potent antifungal effects against planktonic fungi were then assessed for their effect against sessile fungus (adherent organisms and established biofilm culture). MIC of the oils against sessile C. albicans was evaluated by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide reduction assay. All selected culinary herbs and spices, except galangal, garlic, and turmeric, exhibited inhibitory effects on planktonic yeast cells. Cinnamon bark and sweet basil leaf essential oils exhibited potent fungicidal effect on planktonic and sessile fungus. Sessile MICs were 8-16 times higher than planktonic MICs. Consequently, both cinnamon bark and sweet basil leaf herbal oils seem to be highly effective anti-Candida choices. (J Oral Sci 58, 365-371, 2016).

Prosthodontic rehabilitation of congenital auricular defect: a clinical report.

This clinical report presents the prosthetic rehabilitation of a congenital auricular defect. The rehabilitation was initially performed with an adhesive retained silicone prosthesis. After careful evaluation of the patients retentive needs, two endo-osseous craniofacial implants were placed in the mastoid region. After integration, an implant-retained silicone prosthesis was fabricated using a Hader bar with two ERA attachments, which restored the defect with good aesthetic and functional outcome. Prosthetic rehabilitation is a viable treatment option for restoring auricular defects and can be indicated in situations where surgical reconstruction may not be feasible.

Combination prosthetic design providing a superior retention for mid-facial defect rehabilitation: a case report

Large maxillofacial defects from malignant tumor treatment are rarely rehabilitated by surgical reconstruction alone. Ameloblastic carcinoma, a rare aggressive odontogenic malignant tumor, requires wide surgical excision to gain a tumor-free margin. In the post-surgical defect, prosthetic rehabilitation is the treatment of choice to restore function and esthetics. Moreover, an intra-oral prosthesis such as an obturator restores speech, mastication and deglutition. Retention of the obturator is a major problem while rehabilitating large defects. The existing anatomical structures from the defect with the help of magnet attachments are suitable to enhance retention, stability and support of the prostheses. This case report presents a patient with an intraoral and extra-oral combination defect following surgical resection of ameloblastic carcinoma and describes the prosthetic techniques and design considerations for a magnet-retained obturator and mid-facial prosthesis. An implant-retained mid-facial prosthesis was fabricated. The retention of combined prostheses was obtained from the remaining right posterior teeth only. The patient had an unfavorable defect due to the large size and presence of scar contracture that vertically tends to dislodge the obturator. Magnet attachments were used to combine the facial and oral prosthesis, minimize the vertical dislodging forces and enhance retention. In addition, the retention was also gained from the scar band at lower border of mid-facial defect that avoided the need for more implants surgery. Magnet attachment with anatomical structure of the mid-facial defect provides an acceptable means of retention in large extraoral-intraoral combinations defects, improving the function, esthetic and the patients’ quality of life. Key words:Mid-facial prosthesis, obturator, magnet attachment, maxillectomy.

Evaluation of Stress Distribution on Implant-Retained Auricular Prostheses:: The Finite Element Method

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate stress distribution around two craniofacial implants in an auricular prosthesis according to the removal forces. Three attachment combinations were used to evaluate the stress distribution under removal forces of 45 and 90 degrees. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three attachment designs were examined: (1) a Hader bar with three clips; (2) a Hader bar with one clip and two extracoronal resilient attachments (ERAs); and (3) a Hader bar with one clip and two Locators. The removal force was determined by means of an Instron universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 10 mm/minute. All three designs were created in three dimensions using SolidWorks. The applied removal force and the models were then introduced to finite element software to analyze the stress distribution. RESULTS The angle of removal force greatly affected the magnitude and direction of stress distribution on the implants. The magnitude of stress under the 45-degree removal force was higher than the stress at 90 degrees. The combination of the 1,000-g retention clip and 2,268-g retention Locator exhibited the highest stress on the implant flange when the removal force was applied at 45 degrees. CONCLUSION The removal angle greatly influences the amount of force and stress on the implants. Prosthodontists are encouraged to inform patients to remove the prosthesis at 90 degrees and, if possible, use a low-retentive attachment to reduce stress.

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Orbit: A Clinical Report

A 61-year-old male patient reported with a chief complaint of loss of left eye [Table/Fig-1a]. The patient had a history of squamous cell carcinoma involving the left orbit. Patient consent was obtained prior to treatment. Surgical treatment was conducted by orbital exenteration and external beam radiotherapy, with a total dose of 4000 cGy delivered at a dose of 200 cGy in 20 daily fractions. Thereafter, the patient was referred for fabrication of an orbital prosthesis. The patient did not present with any systemic diseases and no evidence of known allergies or recurrence of tumor was evident.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of an ocular defect with post-enucleation socket syndrome: A case report

Ocular trauma can be caused by road traffic accidents, falls, assaults, or work-related accidents. Enucleation is often indicated after ocular injury or for the treatment of intraocular tumors, severe ocular infections, and painful blind eyes. Rehabilitation of an enucleated socket without an intraocular implant or with an inappropriately sized implant can result in superior sulcus deepening, enophthalmos, ptosis, ectropion, and lower lid laxity, which are collectively known as post-enucleation socket syndrome. This clinical report describes the rehabilitation of post-enucleation socket syndrome with a modified ocular prosthesis. Modifications to the ocular prosthesis were performed to correct the ptosis, superior sulcus deepening, and enophthalmos. The rehabilitation procedure produced satisfactory results.

Microwave Irradiation of Candidal Adhesion and Biofilm on Polymethylmethacrylate Resin

This 3 phase study examined (1) the effect of microwave irradiation on the adhesion and (2) biofilm formation of 4 candidal species on heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) specimens. Lastly, (3) the flexural strength of heat polymerized PMMA was tested.C.albicans (ATCC 10231), C. glabrata (ATCC 22019), C. krusei (ATCC 6258) and C.parapsilosis (ATCC 90030) were used. The flexural strength of the PMMA resin after microwave irradiation was tested in accordance with ISO 20795-1 specifications. A one-way ANOVA statistical analysis was used for all the results.The maximum effect of 94% to 98% reduction in adhesion and biofilm counts was seen with microwave irradiation at 850 W and 1000 W for 120 sec. There was no significant difference between the control and irradiated specimens in terms of flexural strength. Reduction of candida adhesion and biofilm on PMMA resin can be achieved with microwave irradiation.