Theodore A. Jacob

The environmental impact of the use of ivermectin: environmental effects and fate

Abstract The environmental effects and fate of ivermectin were studied either as the pure compound or in feces. Toxicities to microbes, earthworms, algae, fish, and Daphnia, soil-binding parameters and degradation half-lives were determined.

Analysis of cefoxitin, cephalothin and their deacylated metabolites in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract Cefoxitin, cephalothin and their deacylated metabolites, decarbamylcefoxitin and deacetylcephalothin, have been quantitatively analyzed in whole human urine using high-performance anion-exchange liquid chromatography wiht UV detection. The rate or excretion and extent of deacylation for the two compounds were determined after intravenous injection with or without probenecid and after intramuscular injection. Recoveries of intact cefoxitin were considerably higher than those of cephalothin in all the cases studied, owing to the almost total resistance of cefoxitin to inactivation by deacylation. Cephalothin was found to be deacylated rapidly and to a relatively large extent.

Comparative in vivo and in vitro metabolism of ivermectin in steers, sheep, swine, and rat.

(1987). Comparative in Vivoand in Vitro Metabolism of Ivermectin in Steers, Sheep, Swine, and Rat. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 18, No. 2-3, pp. 289-302.

Hydroxylation of progesterone by Bacillus cereus and Bacillus megaterium.

Abstract The introduction of an 11α-hydroxy group into progesterone by two species of Bacillus cereus and of a 15β-hydroxy group into progesterone by Bacillus megaterium has been demonstrated.

Guanosine-5′-monophosphate dioxanate: Preparation, characterization, and application

Abstract This paper reports, for the first time, the preparation and characterization of a unique crystalline complex of guanosine-5′-monophosphate, dioxane, and water (GMP-dioxanate) in a 1:1:1 molar ratio. The specificity of this complex is shown by the fact that no other solvent has been found which can replace dioxane. In addition, no other nucleotide or solvent combination has been found which forms a crystalline complex. GMP-Dioxanate is stable to heating and drying and is readily converted to the disodium salt. The compound has been fully characterized by physical, chemical, and biological analyses. Its crystallinity has been confirmed by both microscopic and X-ray analyses. Data on the optical rotation of solutions of GMP-dioxanate as a function of wavelength, concentration, and pH are described and compared with those of GMP and GMP·2Na·2H 2 O. This complex has provided a simplified procedure for the isolation of GMP from acid and salt mixtures, fermentation broths, and ribonucleic acid hydrolyzates.