Thereza Cristina Borio dos Santos Calmon de Bittencourt

Estimação de componentes de (co)variâncias e predição de DEP's para características de crescimento pós-desmama de bovinos da raça Nelore, usando diferentes modelos estatísticos

Data from the Genetic Improvement Program of the Nellore Breed of Genetic Department-USP were used to estimate genetic parameters and breeding values for weights at 365 (P365) and 455 (P455) days of age. Four animal models were used to obtain REML estimates of genetic parameters aiming to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of a random maternal genetic effect and a permanent environmental effect on variance component estimates. The model 1 included genetic and residual random effects; model 2 and model 3 were based on model 1 but included permanent environmental (2) and maternal genetic (3) effects; model 4 included genetic, maternal and permanent environmental effects. The heritability estimates for P365 were 0.48, 0.32, 0.28 and 0.27 using models 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. For P455, the values were 0.48, 0.38, 0.35 e 0.34 with the same models. The results suggest that maternal effects may be of slight importance for yearling weight but of no importance for P455.

Objetivos de seleção para sistemas de produção de gado de corte em pasto: ponderadores econômicos

Breeding objectives were developed for beef cattle production under typical economic and environmental conditions of central Brazil. The traits considered were: calves weaned per cow/year (NCW), weaning weight (WW), carcass weight (CW) and food intake. In the study, two systems were examined, a cow-calf system (surplus calves sold after weaning) and a cow-calf enterprise (in which surplus calves are raised for slaughter). In the first, income is from the sale of male calves and surplus heifers after weaning and of culled cows. In the second, the income is from the sale of steers, surplus heifers and culled cows. For both situations, the profit (US

Pattern of osteogenesis during onlay bone graft healing

/cow/year) was estimated by the difference between revenue and costs. The economical values (EV) were calculated as the change in profit resulting from a unit change in each trait, as other traits remained unchanged. The trait with greatest economic value was NCW, followed by food intake, CW and WW. The order of importance when values were in additive genetic standard deviation units were feed intake, CW, NCW and WW.

Atividade anti-helmíntica do extrato aquoso das folhas de Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. (Rutaceae)

OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to analyze how healing occurs between onlay bone graft and the mandible cortex. STUDY DESIGN Autologous and allogeneic corticocancellous bones, harvested from the ilium wing, were grafted at each mandible side of 40 rabbits. One side received platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Killings occurred at 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. Tissues were stained by hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue. New bone area was measured at different regions of sections stained with toluidine blue. Wilcoxon test was used to analyze differences among regions and Bonferroni test to analyze the influence of PRP, graft nature, and days. RESULTS Osteogenesis was higher at the lateral region (P < .05). PRP tended to improve bone neoformation, which was higher at the allogeneic graft. Statistical significance among the different categories of variables-grafts, use of PRP, and days of observation-did not have a linear behavior. A linear behavior of statistical tests was not detected. Bone new formation increased until the 14th day (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Onlay grafts heal due to osteogenesis which occurs at the lateral region and between the cortex and host mandible. Allogeneic grafts and PRP tend to improve bone formation.

Angiogenesis and osteogenesis at incorporation process of onlay bone graft.

The study evaluated the anthelmintic activity of aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium leaves in two experiments. In vitro test, cultures of goat fecal samples were treated with different concentrations of extract (134.5 to 335.0 mg.mL(-1)). In vivo test was composed of 20 sheep: G1: treated with 0.63 g.kg(-1), during four days; G2: same dose, for eight days; G3: ivermectin (200 microg.kg(-1)) and G4 untreated group. In vitro results showed a reduction of Haemonchus spp, Trichostrongylus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. larvae greater than 95% in the concentrations between 335.0 and 193.7 mg.mL(-1). Faecal egg counting reduction was 51, 56 and 90% in G1, G2 and G3, respectively, while immature stages and adults ranged from 0 to 91% in G1 and from 26 to 94% in G2. Ivermectin effectiveness was 99% for L4 and L5 of H. contortus and 100% for other nematodes species. Clinical and biochemical parameters have remained in the normality and histophatologic analyses did not show alteration suggesting absence of toxicity. Although the great effectiveness of Z. rhoifolium leaves extract in vitro test, it displayed poor efficiency in vivo regarding gastrointestinal nematodes reduction.

Efeitos do suco de alho (Allium sativum Linn.) sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de caprinos

PURPOSE The roles of angiogenesis and osteogenesis in autologous and allogenic bone grafts and the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a modifier were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty rabbit mandibles received onlay grafts of fresh autologous and frozen allogeneic bone. PRP was added on the right side. After intervals of 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days, the animals were euthanized. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to measure the quantity and area of osteoblasts. Sections stained with toluidine blue showed newly formed bone area. In sections with Weigert-van Gieson staining, the number of vessels and their lumens was quantified. The quantity and area of cellular arrangements expressing CD31 and the area of vessels were obtained. RESULTS Quantities of osteoblasts and their areas, newly formed matrices, and vessels and their lumen areas were obtained and identified by immunomarking with CD31. In general, values for these were higher in rabbits with allogeneic bone grafts and on the sides where PRP had been added. There was a variable significance between categories and days. It was confirmed that osteogenesis was intensified when angiogenesis was consolidated. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenesis was important for greater osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix synthesis, ensuring consolidation of onlay grafts with the receptor bed. Allogeneic grafts and PRP intensified these processes.

Estimates of genetic parameters of growth traits of Nellore cattle in the Midwest region of Brazil.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the garlic juice on goat gastrointestinal nematodes. Twenty animals were alocated into two groups and treated with garlic juice. One group was treated with ivermectin and one control group was not treated. The percentage reductions in egg and larvae counts of the Strongyloidea were under 95% for all groups. The treatment of goats with garlic juice was not an effective control of gastrointestinal nematodes.

Interação genótipo-ambiente sobre os pesos aos 205 e 365 dias de idade em bovinos da raça Nelore em diferentes regiões do Brasil

Registros de peso ao nascer (PN) e pesos padronizados para 210 (P210); 365 (P365) e 550 (P550) dias de idade na raca Nelore foram usados com o objetivo de estimar componentes de variância dos efeitos geneticos e predicao de valores geneticos dos reprodutores. O modelo incluiu os efeitos fixos de grupo contemporâneo e idade da vaca ao parto, como covariavel, alem dos efeitos aleatorios genetico aditivo direto e genetico materno, de ambiente permanente materno e ambiente temporario. As estimativas das medias e desvios-padrao para PN; P210; P365 e P550 foram iguais a 32,76 ± 3,74; 184,30 ± 29,02; 240,31 ± 41,85 e 322,12 ± 60,77, respectivamente. Em todos os pesos, verificou-se consideravel variabilidade genetica aditiva. A variância de ambiente permanente materno apresentou maior relevância sobre o peso a desmama, sendo praticamente inexistente apos o desmame. Para a variância genetica materna, a estimativa para o peso ao nascer foi mais significativa quando comparada com o peso a desmama. Os valores estimados de herdabilidade para PN; P210; P365 e P550 foram iguais a 0,37 ± 0,02; 0,36 ± 0,03; 031 ± 0,01 e 0,38 ± 0,02, respectivamente. As correlacoes geneticas entre peso ao nascer e outros pesos foram de baixa magnitude, com altos valores dos pesos em outras idades. O uso de reprodutores de maior valor genetico para o efeito materno total permite utilizar reprodutores mais positivos para peso ao desmame e tambem para o ano e peso ao sobreano.

Use of orthogonal functions in random regression models in describing genetic variance in Nellore cattle

Data of weaning weight (205BW) and at year (365BW) of Nellore cattle from 29 farms in several Brazilian states of three distinct regions: North, Southeast and Midwest, all participants of the program of Nellore breeding (Nellore Brazil), were used to assess the presence of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) as well as estimate direct heritability (205BW and 365BW) and maternal (205BW) by restricted maximum likelihood method with the aid of MTDFREML. The statistical model used included fixed effects of contemporary group, age of dam (covariate) and random direct genetic effects (205BW and 365BW) and maternal (205BW). The estimated genetic correlation for 205BW and 365BW in each of the regions, North (R1), Southeast (R2) and Midwest (R3), were respectively: 0.85±0.11, 0.96±0.07 and 0.95±0.07 for R1/R2, R1/R3 and R2/R3, the evaluation of weaning weight, 0.72±0.09, 0.83±0.07 and 0.85±0.08, for R1/R2, R1/R3 and R2/R3, in the evaluation year. These results indicate that, at weaning (205BW), the effect of GEI was not observed, but in the weight at year (P365), the combination involving North/Southeast effect was verified of the GEI.

Estudo de heterogeneidade de variâncias na avaliação genética de bovinos de corte da raça Nelore

A total of 204,912 records of birth weights up to 550 days of age, of 24,890 Nellore cattle, offspring of 375 sires and 16,917 dams from five herds in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, were used in order to describe the variability of the weight development by random regression models. The model evaluated as the most suitable used the covariance function of fourth order to describe the variability of the effects of additive genetic, animal permanent environmental and maternal effects of third order to describe the maternal genetic effect, with four classes of residual variance. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.18 to 0.46 from the beginning of trajectory to 210 days of age, from 0.45 to 0.48 post-weaning to 365 days of age and from 0.47 to 0.57 at later ages. The values of additive genetic correlations for different ages showed higher estimates between the closest ages, while birth weight was not very related to the weights at older ages. The body weight performance of the animals has additive genetic variation to respond to selection.