Thiago Jardelino Dias

Desenvolvimento e qualidade nutricional de mudas de mangabeiras cultivadas em substratos contendo fibra de coco e adubação fosfatada

In order to produce good quality seedlings it is necessary to use a mixture that presents appropriate physical, chemical and biological properties, which supplies the necessary conditions for the germination and the seedlings establishment. This experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Sciences Center, Paraiba Federal University (Brazil), whose objective was to evaluate the growth and the mineral composition of Hancornia speciosa seedlings in substrata composed by concentrations of coconut fiber from 0% to 40%, manure bovine from 0% to 25%, soil from 25% to 70%, sand 15% and triple superphosphate between 0 and 11 g dm-3. The soil and coconut fiber had beneficial effects on the H. speciosa seedlings with the increase of its concentrations in the mixture. The addition of the manure and the doses of triple superphosphate provoked a decrease in the matter and in the foliate area in the H. speciosa seedlings. There was an increase of the nutrients content in the seedlings in which there was an increase of the manure concentration in the mixture. It is recommended to use the concentrations of 14% of manure, 56% of soil, 15% of coconut fiber, 15% of sand and 4 g dm-3 of triple superphosphate, for the maximum estimated values of growth and nutritional composition.

Rendimento quântico e trocas gasosas em maracujazeiro amarelo sob salinidade hídrica, biofertilização e cobertura morta

Um experimento foi conduzido a ceu aberto no municipio de Remigio, PB, para se avaliar as respostas do maracujazeiro amarelo relacionadas a eficiencia fotossintetica e trocas gasosas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, referente a irrigacao com agua nao salina (0,5 dS m-1) e salina (4,5 dS m-1), sem e com biofertilizante bovino, sem e com cobertura morta, com tres repeticoes e tres plantas por parcela, em recipientes plasticos circulares utilizados como lisimetros de pressao, com 130 dm3 de volume e drenos na parte inferior para a lixiviacao do excesso de sais. A irrigacao com agua de baixa salinidade e aplicacao de biofertilizante bovino comum estimularam a eficiencia fotossintetica das plantas. O uso simultâneo de agua de alta salinidade, biofertilizante e cobertura morta reduziram a condutância estomatica do maracujazeiro amarelo. As plantas sob estresse salino apresentaram atividade fotoquimica do fotossistema II e fotossintese liquida inibida.

Clorofila e carotenoides em maracujazeiro-amarelo irrigado com águas salinas no solo com biofertilizante bovino

The deleterious effects caused by salt stress result in changes in the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of plants, changing, among others, the levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids, affecting the photosynthetic activity and hence growth, development, production and adaptability to adverse environments. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigation water with increasing salinity levels and the application frequency of biofertilizer on the concentration of the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoids) of the yellow passion fruit. The experiment was designed in a 5 x 4 factorial corresponding to the levels of electrical conductivity (EC) of the irrigation water of 0.5; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1 and to four frequencies of the application of bovine biofertilizer: no biofertilizer (WB); application of bovine biofertilizer one week before transplanting (1WBT); bio-fertilizer application every 90 days after transplanting (90DAT); and bovine bio-fertilizer applied one week before and every 90 days after transplanting (1WBT+90DAT). Increased salinity of irrigation water reduced the photosynthetic efficiency in leaves of yellow passion fruit, being more drastic in the conductivity above 2.5 dS m-1. The frequency of application of biofertilizer did not influence the photosynthetic pigments content.

Produção do maracujazeiro e resistência mecânica do solo com biofertilizante sob irrigação com águas salinas

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de aguas de irrigacao com niveis crescentes de salinidade e frequencias de aplicacao de biofertilizante bovino sobre a producao do maracujazeiro amarelo e a resistencia mecânica do solo a penetracao (RSP). O experimento foi desenvolvido no municipio de Remigio (PB), com os tratamentos distribuidos em arranjo fatorial 5 x 4, correspondente aos valores de condutividade eletrica (CE) da agua de irrigacao: 0,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5 e 4,5 dS m-1 e quatro frequencias de aplicacao do biofertilizante: sem biofertilizante (SB), aplicacao uma semana antes do transplantio (1 SAT), a cada 90 dias a partir do transplantio (90 DAT) e, uma semana antes e a cada 90 dias apos o transplantio (1 SAT + 90 DAT). O aumento da CE das aguas comprometeu a capacidade produtiva do maracujazeiro amarelo, em termos de numero de frutos colhidos e producao por planta, sendo os maiores declinios registros nas plantas irrigadas com aguas de CE igual e superior a 2,5 dS m-1. As maiores frequencia de aplicacao do insumo orgânico promoveram incremento da producao por planta. Os valores da RSP ate a profundidade de 40 cm, apesar de aumentarem com a profundidade do perfil, foram abaixo de 2000 Kpa o que nao compromete o crescimento radicular e a produtividade do maracujazeiro amarelo. As aplicacoes das aguas salinas aumentaram a resistencia mecânica com menores valores nos solos com o insumo orgânico aplicado 1 SAT + 90 DAT e aos 90 DAT.

Quality of yellow passion fruit juice with cultivation using different organic sources and saline water

ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted in field in the municipaly Remigio, state of the Paraiba, Brazil, to evaluate the effects of the use of saline water for irrigation, bovine biofertilizer and mulch on the chemical characteristics of the fruits of yellow passion fruit. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 2 x 2, three replications and three plants per experimental unit. Study material consisted of irrigation with water is not saline (0.50 dS m –1 ) and saline (4.50 dS m –1 ), with and without application of bovine biofertilizer, with and without mulch. The use of bovine biofertilizer reduced the negative action of the salts, increasing the pH, soluble solids and vitamin C in fruits of yellow passion fruit. The veal and mulching biofertilizer did not affect the titratable acidity values in passion fruit with an increased salt content of water. The content of vitamin C in fruits did not change with the use of mulch and biofertilizer veal. The ratio soluble solids / acidity of the passion fruit was reduced with the use of organic inputs and soil cover by applying saline water for irrigation of plants. The increasing salinity of irrigation water increased the electrical conductivity of the juice, regardless of the application of fertilizer and use of mulch.

Physical characteristics of fruit of yellow passion fruit produced in soil with bio-fertilizer, mulching and saline water

espanolLas dimensiones y el rendimiento de los frutos son caracteristicas fundamentales para la calidad de frutos destinados al mercado y la industria. En este sentido se realizo un experimento para evaluar el formato, resistencia y rendimiento de maracuya amarillo producido en sustrato con biofertilizante bovino, mantillo e irrigado con agua salina. El diseno experimental fue de tres bloques al azar, con un arreglo factorial de 2 x 2 x 2, los factores evaluados fueron: agua de riego no salina (0,50 dS m-1), salina (4,50 dS m-1), con aplicacion y sin aplicacion de biofertilizante bovino, con y sin mantillo. Los frutos de maracuya fueron cosechados con 30% de corteza amarillenta y se evaluo el diametro de la cavidad longitudinal (largura), diametro de la cavidad ecuatorial (transversal), indice de formato de los frutos, resistencia de la cascara y rendimiento de jugo y pulpa. Los mayores valores de diametro de la cavidad longitudinal, diametro de la cavidad ecuatorial, indice de formato de los frutos y rendimiento de jugo y pulpa se obtuvieron con el uso de biofertilizante bovino y mantillo en los sustratos regados con agua de alto nivel de salinidad. El uso de agua de alto nivel de salinidad redujo el diametro de la cavidad longitudinal, el diametro de la cavidad ecuatorial, el indice de formato de los frutos, independientemente de la presencia de insumos organicos en el sustrato y aumento el rendimiento de jugo, pulpa y resistencia de la cascara en los tratamientos sin biofertilizante y sin mantillo. El mayor indice de formato del fruto presento el mayor rendimiento de jugo. EnglishThe size and yield of fruit are important in the physical quality of the fruits destined for markets and industry. An experiment was performed to evaluate the form, peel strength and yield of fruits of yellow passion fruit plant produced in substrata with bovine bio-fertilizer and mulching, irrigated with saline water. The treatments were designed in three random blocks using a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement; irrigation with non-saline (0.50 dS m-1) and saline (4.50 dS m-1) water, with and without application of bovine biofertilizer and with and without mulching. The passion fruit fruits were harvested when 30% of the peel was yellowish; we evaluated the diameter of the longitudinal cavity (length), diameter of the equatorial cavity (width), fruit form index, peel strength and juice and pulp yield. The substrate with bovine bio-fertilizer and mulching irrigated with high salinity water reduced the diameter of the longitudinal and equatorial cavity, the fruit form index and increased the firmness of the peel of the fruits of the yellow passion fruit plant. However, the use of the bovine biofertilizer and mulching irrigated with non-saline water increased the diameter of the equatorial and longitudinal cavity and the fruit form index.