Tiago Vendrame

Ingestive behavior of dairy cows in different systems fodder

Estudou-se o comportamento alimentar de vacas da raca Holandesa em lactacao mantidas em pastagem de misturas de especies de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.), azevem (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) e outras de crescimento espontâneo. Como diferencial destas pastagens, introduziu-se trevo-branco (Trifolium repens L.) ou amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi Krapov. & Greg.). Nos meses de julho, agosto e outubro de 2005, foram feitas avaliacoes em pastejo utilizando-se em cada uma seis vacas entre o segundo e o quinto mes de lactacao, observadas nos periodos de 18 as 6 h e de 8 as 16 h, a cada 10 minutos, por dois observadores. Foram observados o tempo de pastejo nas linhas constituidas por capim-elefante (CE), o tempo de pastejo nas especies estabelecidas na entrelinha e os tempos de pastejo total (pastejo de CE + entrelinha), ruminacao e ocio. Tambem foram avaliados a massa de forragem inicial, o valor nutritivo da forragem ingerida e as condicoes climaticas do periodo. O tempo medio de pastejo na entrelinha foi de 4 horas e 9 minutos para o trevo-branco e de 3 horas e 6 minutos para o amendoim forrageiro. O tempo medio de pastejo do capim-elefante nao diferiu entre as misturas com trevo-branco (4 horas e 27 minutos) e com amendoim forrageiro (5 horas e 51 minutos), assim como os tempos de ruminacao e ocio, que tambem nao diferiram entre as especies associadas. A presenca de forrageiras de inverno esta associada ao maior tempo de consumo de forragem. A presenca de especies de ciclos diferentes possibilitou que os animais equilibrassem a dieta volumosa.

Forage production an stocking rate on elephantgrass pastures mixed with ryegrass, spontaneous growth species and white clover or forage peanut

The objective of this work was to evaluate the dynamic and animal performance in two pasture-based systems (PS), with elephantgrass (EG) + ryegrass (RG) + white clover (WC) + spontaneous growing species (SGS) for PS1; and EG + RG + forage peanut (FP) + SGS for PS2. Four paddocks, each one with 0.25 ha, were used in the evaluation. EG was established in lines with a distance of 4 m between each one of them. The experimental design was randomized blocks with two replicates (paddocks). Pastures were fertilized with 50-40-40kg/ha of N-P-K, respectively. Nine grazing cycles were performed during the experimental period (326 days in PS1 and 336 in PS2). Holstein cows receiving 3.5 kg/daily complementary concentrate feed were used in the evaluation. Pregraze samples representing the average paddock herbage mass were collected. The mean values of dry matter for pregraze herbage mass, EG leaf lamina and legumes were 3.76, 0.85 and 0.26 t/ha in PS1 and 4.60; 0.99 and 0.19 t/ha in PS2, respectively. Considering the hibernal and estival periods, the average values of carrying capacity were 2.22 and 2.29 and 3.14 and 3.01 UA/ha for PS1 and PS2, respectively. Similar results were observed for the pasture systems. The use of ryegrass, legumes and the spontaneous growing species allowed the forage mass to be uniform during the grazing at these EG-based systems. The results suggest that EG could be used under the mixed pastures proposed.The objective of this work was to evaluate the dynamic and animal performance in two pasture-based systems (PS), with elephantgrass (EG) + ryegrass (RG) + white clover (WC) + spontaneous growing species (SGS) for PS1; and EG + RG + forage peanut (FP) + SGS for PS2. Four paddocks, each one with 0.25 ha, were used in the evaluation. EG was established in lines with a distance of 4 m between each one of them. The experimental design was randomized blocks with two replicates (paddocks). Pastures were fertilized with 50-40-40kg/ha of N-P-K, respectively. Nine grazing cycles were performed during the experimental period (326 days in PS1 and 336 in PS2). Holstein cows receiving 3.5 kg/daily complementary concentrate feed were used in the evaluation. Pregraze samples representing the average paddock herbage mass were collected. The mean values of dry matter for pregraze herbage mass, EG leaf lamina and legumes were 3.76, 0.85 and 0.26 t/ha in PS1 and 4.60; 0.99 and 0.19 t/ha in PS2, respectively. Considering the hibernal and estival periods, the average values of carrying capacity were 2.22 and 2.29 and 3.14 and 3.01 UA/ha for PS1 and PS2, respectively. Similar results were observed for the pasture systems. The use of ryegrass, legumes and the spontaneous growing species allowed the forage mass to be uniform during the grazing at these EG-based systems. The results suggest that EG could be used under the mixed pastures proposed.

Produção de forragem em pastagem de bermuda sobre-semeada com aveia e azevém

This study was aimed at comparing two pasture-based systems grazed by Holstein cows. The systems were sod seeding of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb. cv. Common) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Common) in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers cv. Coastcross) and oat and ryegrass mixture in extreme cultivation. From 06/09/04 to 10/13/04 and 08/02/05 to 10/29/05, in eight grazing periods, the pregraze and postgraze herbage mass, dry matter (DM) daily acumulation rate, total dry matter production, forage offer, botanical composition, leaves total biomass and stocking rate were evaluated. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed between pasture systems for there parameters. The total DM production, DM daily acumulation rate and stocking rate were 8467.9; 7105.7kg of DM ha-1, 54.1; 69.2kg of DM ha-1 day-1, and 1050.8; 925.5kg of live whight ha-1 for the bermudagrass sod seeding and oat and ryegrass, respectively. Higher oat leaf lamina (P 0.05) between pasture-based systems. These results indicate that Bermudagrass sod seeding oat plus ryegrass pasture-based used in cool-seanson can be used in similar climatic conditions of present study.