Timothy M. Daly

Conflict-handling style measurement: A best-worst scaling application

Purpose – This study aims to develop and validate a best‐worst scaling (BWS) measure of preferred conflict‐handling styles, named the Conflict‐handling BWS (CHBWS).Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted three studies. Study 1 consisted of a sample of psychology students (n=136) from a Canadian university and was designed to assess the convergent validity of the CHBWS by comparing it with the ROCI‐II and DUTCH instruments. Study 2 consisted of a sample of psychology students (n=154) from a US university and was designed to assess the predictive validity of the CHBWS by relating conflict‐handling styles to consumer complaint behavior. Study 3 consisted of a random sample of adults registered with an online survey company in Australia (n=204) and Germany (n=214). This study was designed to assess the antecedent relationship of Schwartzs personal values to conflict‐handling styles.Findings – The study shows that best‐worst scaling is a valid and advantageous way of measuring conflict‐handling st...

Schwartz Values Clusters in the United States and China

People differ in the importance they place on values. However, most research has selected a few values and examined their relationships with one or more variable(s) of interest. The current research differs as it examined subgroups of people who differ in the importance they attached to Schwartz’s values. Data collected from matched samples of adult international travelers (Study 1) and young adults (Study 2) produced very similar subgroups in the United States and China that reflected Schwartz’s shared motivational orientations of adjacent values in a similar manner to how we would expect individuals to differ in their personal values priorities. The subgroups had all the expected relationships with travel benefits, status consumption, and materialism in the United States and some of these expected relationships in China.

Intergenerational Conflict Management in Immigrant Arab Canadian Families

The present studies bridged across the conflict management and family psychology literatures to increase our understanding of intergenerational conflict within the context of immigrant Arab Canadian families. Using a quantitative approach, Study 1 (n = 71) found that although emerging adults reported relatively low levels of intergenerational conflict, honor-related conflict issues were salient to this population and not captured by the Intergenerational Conflict Inventory. Study 1 also found that emerging adults’ preferred conflict handling style was associated with overall levels of intergenerational conflict as well as cultural orientation and adaptation. Three conflict handling styles (avoid, integrate, and dominate) were associated with increased intergenerational conflict, whereas oblige was associated with decreased intergenerational conflict. These results were confirmed using a qualitative approach in Study 2 (n = 12). Importantly, Study 2 also suggested that oblige took two distinct forms in this population, as some emerging adults actually obliged their parents in the conflict situation, whereas others stated that they would but covertly disobeyed their parents.

Testing and Extending Schwartz Refined Value Theory Using a Best–Worst Scaling Approach:

The theory of human values discriminated 10 basic values arrayed in a quasicircular structure. Analyses with several instruments in numerous samples supported this structure. The refined theory of human values discriminates 19 values in the same circle. Its support depends on one instrument, the revised Portrait Values Questionnaire. We introduce a forced choice method, the Best–Worst Refined Values scale (BWVr), to assess the robustness of the refined theory to method of measurement and also assess the distinctiveness and validity of a new animal welfare value. Three studies (N = 784, 439, and 383) support the theory and the new value. Study 3 also demonstrates the convergent and discriminant validity of the 19 values by comparing the BWVr, the revised Portrait Values Questionnaire, and value-expressive behaviors and confirms the test–retest reliability of BWVr responses. These studies provide further information about the order of values in the value circle.

Customer Engagement with Tourism Brands on Social Media: An Abstract

Customer engagement has gained much attention in the recent literature because it has been linked with numerous brand performance indicators including sales growth, customer involvement in product development, customer feedback and referrals (Bijmolt et al. 2010; Bowden 2009; Kumar et al. 2010; Nambisan and Baron 2007; Sawhney et al. 2005; van Doorn et al. 2010). In the tourism industry, customer engagement has been found to boost loyalty, trust and brand evaluations (So et al. 2014). Customer engagement is often facilitated by social media, but neither of these phenomena are well-researched, and there is a need for practical social media recommendations for tourism organisations (Mistilis and Gretzel 2013). Social media-based tourism brands include TripAdvisor, Airbnb and Booking.com and are growing in popularity and influence (Filieri 2015). For example, TripAdvisor is the world’s largest travel review company and turned over

Intergenerational Conflict in Arab Families Salient Issues and Scale Development

1.246 billion in 2014, up 32 % from the previous year and helps shape consumer preferences (Forbes 2015).

Do Personal Values Differentiate Support for Charitable Causes? An Abstract

Using a mixed-methods approach, we identified and explored intergenerational conflict issues that are salient to Arab adolescents and emerging adults (N = 485). We also developed and validated a scale that captures these issues across several studies. A qualitative study of Arab adolescents and emerging adults (N = 26) was first used to identify and describe unique intergenerational conflict items that are important to Arab families. An exploratory quantitative study (N = 100) and subsequent validation study (N = 157) were conducted to refine and validate the list of items. The final Arab Family Conflict Inventory consisted of 35 items that included both culturally specific items and items covering issues commonly found across ethnocultural groups. The scale was found to be psychometrically sound.

Customer engagement with tourism social media brands

Charities operate in increasingly challenging economic conditions. Faced with rising demand for nonprofit services coupled with a decline in public sector support (Eisenberg 2012), funding from individual donors is essential, offering invaluable, essentially unrestricted income (Young-Powell 2013). In 2012 individuals in the US gave

Swapping bricks for clicks: Crowdsourcing longitudinal data on Amazon Turk☆

228.93 billion (Brown 2013). Although this figure seems substantial at first glance, it was in fact distributed among over 1.6 million active charitable organizations (IRS 2013). As a result, competition between charities for individual donors is acute. One of the consistent themes within the academic and philanthropic literatures is that people give in accordance with what they value in life (for review, see Bekkers and Weipking 2011). However, most of the studies examining the relation between personal values and giving focus on those who endorse “moral” or pro-social values, such as universalism or benevolence, and conclude that these people give more than others. Implicit in this assumption is that those who do not prioritize these types of values are reluctant to give. This assumption has limited our understanding of the giving behavior of individuals who strongly endorse other values. Indeed, individuals with different value priorities also donate to charity, but the motivation underlying their giving behavior is likely to differ from those who are guided by a pro-social orientation. The present study explores this idea by identifying subgroups of consumers based on their preferences for arts and culture, education, religious, and animal welfare charities and examining differences between these subgroups with respect to their values. A total of 942 US-based members of the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) marketplace (median age group 30–34 years; 54 % female) participated in this study. Participants completed a modified version of Lee et al. (2008)’s best-worst values survey and indicated if they had donated to a range of causes in the past 12 months and which cause was most important to them. To address the aims of the present study, only those participants who indicated that arts or cultural, religious or spiritual, education causes or animal welfare were most important to them were used in subsequent analyses (N = 384). Participants overall placed more importance on self-transcendence and openness to change and less on conservation and self-enhancement, which is consistent with previous research (Schwartz and Bardi 2001). However, the charitable cause subgroups differed significantly with respect to their values, beyond the 1 % level, based on a series of ANOVAs. Specifically, self-transcendence was more important to the animal welfare group, self-enhancement was most important (although still not very important) to the arts and culture group, conservation was most important to the religious group, and openness to change was most important to the arts and culture group (although it was also important to the education and animal welfare groups). The findings clearly show that people who place a higher importance on specific charitable causes differ significantly in their values. This suggests a promising new research direction, adding to existing literature, which has focused on the relation between self-transcendence and charitable donations and largely ignored Schwartz’s (1992) other higher-order values.