Titik Istirokhatun

Treatment of car wash wastewater by UF membranes

The existence of car wash service facilitates car owners to remove dirt and grime from their vehicles. However, the dirt washed off vehicles as well as the cleaning materials themselves may be harmful to the environment if they are not properly managed and discharged. Many technologies have been proposed to treat car wash wastewater such as coagulation flocculation, tricking filter and flocculation-flotation. Nevertheless, these technologies have low efficiency to eliminate oil and small organic compounds. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were used in this study to treat car wash wastewater. This study investigated the performance of UF membranes under various pressures to remove COD, oil and grease, and also turbidity from car wash waste water. The membrane performance was examined by investigation of permeate flux and membrane rejection. The results meet the standard of environmental regulation and it is possible to be reused. The highest rejection was shown by PES10 (polyethersulfone 10 kDa) in 1 bar ope...

Polymeric Membrane Made of Cellulose Isolated from Tropical Water Hyacinth Blended with Chitosan

In Indonesia, membrane application is limited by the use of high cost imported membranes. Therefore, efforts to produce membrane using local materials are very important to be performed. Cellulose and chitosan are two materials, which their availability in Indonesia is abundant. In this work, cellulose acetate (CA) has been successfully produced from tropical water hyacinth via isolation and acetylation processes. By using FTIR, a comparative analysis of functional groups between the resulted CA and commercial CA was also investigated. The result shows that the IR spectra of the resulted CA and commercial CA are similar. The produced CA can further be processed into membrane. The resulting membranes were then characterized using SEM. In addition, the membranes were examined for filtering humic acid solution as surface water model. To improve the performance, CA membranes prepared from water hyacinth were modified by addition of chitosan (Chi) via blending in phase separation method. The resulting CA-Chi membranes were characterized using SEM and FTIR.

Production of Chitosan from Amusium sp Scallop Shell Waste

Chitosan is one of the natural polysaccharides, which is produced from chitin by deacetylation process. In this study, chitosan was produced from Amusium sp scallop shell waste. First, chitin was isolated by extraction via deproteinization using alkaline solution followed by demineralization using acid solution. Thereafter, chitosan was resulted from deacetylation of chitin using a high concentration of alkaline solution. The chemical structure of chitin and chitosan products was characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Model simulations of noise pollution due to departures and approaches of passenger aircrafts around Achmad Yani airport Semarang — Indonesia

AchmadYani Airport in Semarang city, Indonesia, is an airport operated by PT AngkasaPura1 which can service 3.2 million passengers annually in 2013. Unfortunately, air transportation can cause numerous environmental damages with serious consequences on population health, such as noise. Noise control of an airport operation can be evaluated its effectiveness through noise contour. As a first step to evaluate the noise control, the objective of this study is to develop a noise contour around AchmadYani Airport by using INM (Integrated Noise Model) and to measure the area of each category based on the Government Ordinance No. 40/2012. In this research, the simulation was conducted on Saturday schedule when the lowest number of aircraft operations was scheduled (44 departures and 44 approaches). According to this study, the area category level I, II, and III using WECPNL (Weighted Equivalent Perceived Noise Level)are 6.774 km2; 2.701 km2; and 1.32 km2, respectively. There are a hospital and six schools located in the area categoryI. Further study is needed to identify possible noise control at AchmadYani Airport.