Pertiwi Andarani

Energy balances and greenhouse gas emissions of crude palm oil production system in Indonesia (Case study: Mill P, PT X, Sumatera Island)

Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. The total exported crude palm oil (CPO) and its derivatives in 2015 reached about 26.40 million tons or increase at 21% compared to the previous year (2014). However, the further expansion of the CPO production system could potentially have environmental impacts. The objective of this study is to analyze the energy balances and greenhouse gas emissions at mill P, PT X located in Sumatera Island. System analysis approaches was applied to this study and the assessment was focused on a CPO production system in PT XYZ located on the Sumatera Island. The system boundary was determined based on the field study. The data collection consisted of all the input and output energy which involving all input materials (including fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, water, etc.) and energy consumption (consumption of diesel, electricity, etc.) starting from plantation activities (at the oil palm plantation) to the conversion process (at the palm oil mill)....

Analysis of frontal protection system on a car

Pedestrian accidents caused by car in Indonesia is quite high. Pedestrian injuries during a collision between a car and a pedestrian can be fatal. In Indonesia, the old cars is still used because there are no regulations which restrict the using of a car based on the production year of vehicles. The old cars do not have some features to protect the pedestrians in the condition of a collision between a car and the pedestrian. The objectives of this study is to determine the effect which occur in the conditions of a collision between a car and a pedestrian by creating a direct collision simulation using a dummy as a form of artificial pedestrians and MPV car as a case study. Direct collision simulation process resulted in injury points on dummy. The injury rate was obtained by the area damaged from direct collision simulation process by calculating the surface area of injury on dummy. The design of the proposed pedestrian protection was to minimize of pedestrian injury suffered by using FAST. The outlining descriptions of the functions on the front part of the car were obtained by brainstorming. The additional function for pedestrian protection that previously did not exist at the front of the car was proposed in the form of Additional Frontal Protection System, e.g. with a height below the average human knee (496 cm) and a material which could absorb the impact was recommended. By applying the Frontal Protection System, the function of the front part of the car will increase so that the value of the car itself will increase consequently.

Effect of speedometer positioning: Distraction and workload while driving

One of the automotive design car developments is speedometer position change. There are two speedometer positions used by the public, i.e. in behind the steer and on the center of dashboard. Speedometer position affects the visual scanning time information on the speedometer (glance). Total Time glances are very influential to distraction and workload while driving. The purpose of this study is to determine the position of the speedometer that minimizes distraction and workload while driving. The type of this research is a real experimental study using real cars on the road. The number of respondents involved was 12 peoples. Distraction data were obtained from the total glances while driving (using cameras). While the workload while driving was obtained from a questionnaire adapted from DALI (Driving Load Activity Index). Based on the analysis of total glances and questionnaires, speedometer on the center of dashboard showed a higher total glances and higher average value of global demand attention, visual demand, as well as stress. Consequently, in order to maintain safety and comfort in driving, the speedometer position in behind the steer is better than on the center of dashboard.

Model simulations of noise pollution due to departures and approaches of passenger aircrafts around Achmad Yani airport Semarang — Indonesia

AchmadYani Airport in Semarang city, Indonesia, is an airport operated by PT AngkasaPura1 which can service 3.2 million passengers annually in 2013. Unfortunately, air transportation can cause numerous environmental damages with serious consequences on population health, such as noise. Noise control of an airport operation can be evaluated its effectiveness through noise contour. As a first step to evaluate the noise control, the objective of this study is to develop a noise contour around AchmadYani Airport by using INM (Integrated Noise Model) and to measure the area of each category based on the Government Ordinance No. 40/2012. In this research, the simulation was conducted on Saturday schedule when the lowest number of aircraft operations was scheduled (44 departures and 44 approaches). According to this study, the area category level I, II, and III using WECPNL (Weighted Equivalent Perceived Noise Level)are 6.774 km2; 2.701 km2; and 1.32 km2, respectively. There are a hospital and six schools located in the area categoryI. Further study is needed to identify possible noise control at AchmadYani Airport.